acceptable moisture content in corrugated boxes
Sources: USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station and Virginia Polytechnic Institute. <>/XObject<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> No changes to content. An excel testing template is available as a tool to support the statistical evaluation of the test results and communication with suppliers/customers. Copyright 2023. Data on the production of wood packaging are derived from purchased market research and research from the Center for Forest Products at Virginia Tech and the United States Department of Agriculture's Forest Service Southern Research Station. The corrugated industry is acting in an environment where the requirements of customers are getting more and more strict and demanding. Containers and packaging products in MSW are made of several materials: paper and paperboard, glass, steel, aluminum, plastics, wood, and small amounts of other materials. EPA defines containers and packaging as products that are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased. Informa Markets, a trading division of Informa PLC. The corrugated industry produces the N1 transport packaging in the world. 834. . Our team has worked with countless companies whose boxes have faced just about every environmental condition imaginable. Approximately 46million tons of paper and paperboard were recycled in 2018for a recycling rate of 68.2percent, which was the highest compared to other materials in MSW. % Furthermore, such a transparent standard, adapted to the material, also respects all its specific qualities . Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. CORRUGATED BOXES CS19.0.5 Issued: 2017AUG10 CORPORATE STANDARD File No. Cardboard in storage quantities (recommend consultation with your Fire Marshal) should be placed in hazardous areas protected per LS.02.01.30 and cannot obstruct the means of egress in accordance with standard LS.02.01.20. Take a look at the products and at the other materials we studied. Contact us to get started on your next project. In our latest case study, learn about NION Health's revolutionary "negative ion" supplement and how their luxurious NION Health has the distinction and the challenge of being the first of its kind on the market as producers of the first safely Upgrade your product's packaging game with GLBC's custom solutions. Nondurable goods include products such as office papers, newspapers, tissue paper, and paper plates and cups. If your boxes are crushing while stacked in your facility, or if you are planning to send product to areas where high humidity is prevalent, please contact us and allow FlexPAC to help you find the right solutions to your problems. <> AutomationDirects Contrinex small rectangular inductive proximity sensors are available in sizes12mm x 27mm x 6.5mm and 12mm x 27mm x 12mm. Please click here to see any active alerts. Moisture produces unsightly staining. What about column or interlocking stacking? Review only, FAQ is current: Periodic review completed, no changes to content. %PDF-1.5 Fluctuations in humidity can impact it even further. From travel distance to changes in road conditions and elevation, transportation can have wide-ranging effects on the level of product damage. He can be reached at[emailprotected]. 19-0 . Thats bad under all circumstances but worse when the corrugated serves as a retail unit, sold from shelves or from pallets. Entire unit loads rejected at distribution centers can cost well over a thousand dollars each and create significant delays. The corrugated paper, the properties of the base material of the base paper directly to the final quality of the fine in a package is assembled. The corrugated medium is often 0.026 pounds per square foot (0.13 kg/m) basis weight in the U.S.; in the UK, a 90 grams per square metre (0.018 lb/sq ft) fluting paper is common. Set expectations for your organization's performance that are reasonable, achievable and survey-able. zN.V``SY%`pz~QCl.tn.qsxCl.#/Wy p+Sfezaq~k{s4v CO=4=\{xz2>E)`gL'E&"J/_ Y(LtW2iwSJ,^NFivB='VXmdn&pSFgF$nrJefpUh^o_42qAP9*+zLQ9uqWZjDE5RSSRA)xj. Corrugated box design is the process of matching design factors for corrugated fiberboard boxes with the functional physical, processing and end-use requirements. Regardless of the percent of recycled content, the resulting corrugated is not as strong as its counterpart comprised of virgin material. This web page contains material-specific information and data on paper and paperboard. Gene Bodenheimer, senior vice president, retail logistics damage research at Genco,leads the companys team responsible for investigating solutions for unsaleable products as well assupply chain solutions within Genco's retail vertical. Gain an understanding of the development of electronic clinical quality measures to improve quality of care. of strength/force applied to hold the product together. MoistTech is very experienced with the requirements in the corrugated board moisture control process. In fact, when boxes are stacked on a pallet with as little as inch hanging-over, as much as 30% of their strength is lost! While having a certain amount of moisture in the air (around 6% 7%) will ensure proper creasing, avoid cracks, maintain good bending and impact resistance, as well as cushioning and shock absorption, higher humidity levels can actually have a negative impact on those characteristics of corrugated board that we value most. Informa PLC's registered office is 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. Tell us what you're looking for and we'll do our best to make it work! Smaller proportions were combusted for energy recovery (3.7 percent) and landfilled (15.4 percent). In cool and dry areas, consider using lamination as a finish. Water is used in the corrugated board production and aids in creating the liner board, forming the flute structure, and as part of the starch adhesive that combines them. One solution to this problem is to stabilize the load by using stretch wrap. In other words, this cannot be a needle in a haystack approach. The document was updated in 2019, the major change wasthe new TS 702 on Fishtailing & Gap variation. x[oH |EX,NC$NCw?R' -%k(;=! Common sense dictates that old inventory be used before starting on the new. Humidity varies by region and season, a fact intuitively grasped by all. This means that the cases are doing their job to protect whats inside. Restated: what can compromise virgin corrugated can compromise recycled-content corrugated more easily. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. To put it another way, dont treat damage research like an Easter egg hunt. FEFCO has updated the GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) document in March 2020. endobj The recycling rate of PET bottles and jars was 29.1 percent in 2018 (910,000 tons). Acceptance Conditions and Procedure for Certifying Bodies, World standards - Comparison testing methods FEFCO / EN / ISO / TAPPI, FEFCO Technical Specifications for Converting Equipment_V1.2, The updated document is now available here, this plant can guarantee that the product delivered to the customer fulfils all. In very humid environments, such as a warehouse with an uncontrolled climate in the summertime, stacking strength is greatly reduced. Once a box is formed, both before and after it is filled with product, maintaining its moisture content is critical to maintaining the boxs compression strength. Its fair to say that billions of productsall types, all sizes, all purposesmake the trip from the manufacturing plant to a distribution center to a retail store. Additionally, about 13.4 percent of the glass containers and packaging waste generated was combusted with energy recovery, while the remainder (55.4 percent) was landfilled. Ensure that pallets are free of nails, large splinters, and other sharp objects that can damage corrugated boxes. Relative humidity regularly varies between 30 to 90 percent depending on location . This web page is a brief summary of paper and paperboard material-specific data. Moisture and temperature are important considerations when discussing the strength and longevity of corrugated boxes. Surprisingly, the top tier is third on the vulnerability scale. With the aim to contribute to the sustainability of packaging, the FEFCO Corrugated Packaging Recyclability Guidelinesprovide the industry with a practical set of tools to implement in the recycling of paper and board to ensure the optimal use of natural resources and minimise their environmental impact. it can produce a certificate at the customer's request, it can offer better product quality through better control and. In the end, supply chains suffer, manufacturer-retailer relationships are jeopardized, and consumers wind up paying. Find evidence-based sources on preventing infections in clinical settings. Editorial changes only: Format changes only. The data below are from 1960 to 2018, relating to the total number of tons of aluminum containers and packaging generated, recycled, composted, combusted with energy recovery and landfilled. Gather the data you need to create insights that will help you reduce risk, increase efficiency, and improve performance across your organization. What are some specific problems caused by moisture? All rights reserved. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The updated document is now available here. Stack boxes only on smooth, clean surfaces. Boxes under stress from a load, such as stacked on a pallet, are even further impacted by increased humidity. When relative humidity increases, the corrugated board will pull moisture from the air until it reaches the same moisture content level. 1 0 obj Implementing this GMP means having a total control system in place in each manufacturing plant. Whenever possible, they should be handled only with tools like pallet jacks, forklifts and hand trucks rather than manually. In 2018, the recycling rate of generated packaging and containers was 53.9 percent. We help you measure, assess and improve your performance. Returning to the 95% statistic that opened this article, its division among the versions of corrugated might vary; however, corrugated, as an overall category, will retain its dominance. Kiln dried pallets have a much lower moisture content (~19%), and they will not release moisture when shipped because this MC is below the EMC in sea containers. Stiffer trailers combined with rough roads can magnify the compressive stress on boxes by a factor of 10. Many suppliers have paper or cardboard distribution boxes that are designed for use in laboratory, pharmacy, patient care areas or sterile storage areas. The stacking of unit loads saves space; however, some type of flat cover should be placed on the top of a unit load in order to evenly distribute the superimposed weight. Are incidence rates being observed, captured and tracked? 4dn2PE;o%jM ]oPk3x H7,9F;* F#u ghEIk*aMx\EV)lDPf!>%{ m sHq*XJmNl3p#N3)}X6uUWZWmH[7V{!+)HD?^M@=L`dTm.tVm$Ex7D`9X$W;$_4H+W+Qoj%H Drive performance improvement using our new business intelligence tools. Check out our self-paced learning resources and tools including books, accreditation manuals and newsletters. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. In addition to any aforementioned approaches that can be modified for low humidity, inventory control can be effective, utilizing FIFO (first-in-first-out). It is useful and instructive for box design considerations to quantify the expected strength loss as a function of the equilibrated moisture content of corrugated board and so minimize box failure in high humidity . A solution for avoiding direct contact with the floor and for avoiding superimposed weights is storage racks, especially if the facility already is so equipped. Measurement devices could be obtained from the suppliers: But theres a way to maximize its space. corrugated boxes. Corrugated never should be stored in direct contact with the floor as that invites contamination and damage from a variety of sources. Get a Free Quote. In 2018, the recycling rate of generated packaging and containers was 53.9 percent. Corrugated boxes were the largest single product category of MSW in 2018 at 33.3 million tons generated, or 11.4 percent of total generation. line startup. By not making a selection you will be agreeing to the use of our cookies. A dash in the table means that data is not available. Sustainability has increased the popularity of corrugated comprising recycled content. Containers and packaging make up a major portion ofmunicipal solid waste (MSW), amounting to 82.2 million tons of generation in 2018 (28.1 percent of total generation). Secure .gov websites use HTTPS This Standards FAQ was first published on this date. Much as it would be convenient to attribute dents, rips, and punctures to the products themselves, the inconvenient truth is the supply chain is an imperfect mover. Keywords: Relative humidity, Moisture, Scumming, Ink peeling, Crisp, Temperature, Flute, Liner, Curling. Mitigating packaging damage in the supply chain, Loop Industries, Garnier Recycle PET into rPET Bottles via Repolymerization, Street Art Designs Energize Jolly Rancher Gummies Packaging, Regulatory Agencies Medical Packaging Pros Should Know, Breaking News in Flexible Packaging April 2023, Looking Through the Recycling Lens for Sustainable Packaging, Packaging Operations Can Make Practical Use of Industry 4.0. Aluminum containers and packaging include beer and soft drink cans (including all carbonated and non-carbonated soft drinks, tea, tonic, waters and juice beverages), other cans, and foil and closures (including semi-rigid foil containers, caps, closures and flexible packaging). Loading decisions must seek to balance productivity, safety, transportation and equipment costs, and product protection. Climate and geography can be significant contributors to product damage. Store boxes indoors and protect them from overhead moisture. Reactions . The total amount of paper and paperboard combusted in 2018 was 4.2 million tons. Certifications from The Joint Commission represent the most stringent, comprehensive and evidence-based proof of the success of your program available. Source: Paper and Paperboard information is from the American Forest & Paper Association. But is there an optimal balance between overpackaging and underpackaging? (Plastic packaging as a category in this analysis does not include single-service plates and cups, and trash bags, both of which are classified as nondurable goods). In 2018, the estimated amount of generated wood pallets and other wood packaging was 11.5 million tons, totaling 3.9 percent of total MSW generation. EPA estimated 14.5 million tons of plastic containers and packaging were generated in 2018, approximately 5.0 percent of MSW generation. endobj Incredibly, it has been found that improper palletization can result in boxes losing up to 50% of their compression strength! The total amount of paper and paperboard combusted in 2018was 4.2million tons. Incidentally, superimposed weight should be like-on-like, meaning, weights other than corrugated should not be superimposed on unit loads of corrugated. Containers and packaging include products such as corrugated boxes, milk cartons, and bags and sacks (See the definitions of nondurable goods and containers and packaging for more information). rAbuZrVI4*S~BA/9xd)0u Logically, the more packaging there is, the more protection there should be. Given the economic and environmental costs vs. benefits of different materials, designs, applications and logistical operations, whats the best way to effectively manage these variables to make the most appropriate packaging decisions? Corrugated should be stored on pallets, ideally, which avoids direct contact with the floor and retains the means for mechanical handling (caution: forklifts, if operated carelessly, can damage corrugated). Forty% of the strength of corrugate is lost within the first 30 days of storage. In fact, its possible that damage waste has a greater adverse impact on the environment than the extra packaging itself. The Joint Commission, (April 2019) Clarifying Infection Control Policy Requirements, This page was last updated on November 30, 2021. Corrugated is an engineered material, specified by paper grade, flute, style, manufacturers joint, and adhesivemainly. And just where do you start? While the recycling of corrugated boxes is by far the largest component of paper packaging recycling, smaller amounts of other paper packaging products also enter the recycling stream (estimated at about 1.8 million tons in 2018). Another set of problems relate to unitizing. Other unitization techniques commonly used include shrink wrapping, bagging and strapping. Workers should never toss, drop, or drag shipping boxes. A matter of protection: The environment or the product? Furthermore, such a transparent standard, adapted to the material, also respects all its specific qualities (versatility, lightness, strength, recyclability). EPA measures the generation, recycling, composting, combustion with energy recovery and landfilling of paper and paperboard products. Use good materials handling procedures; dont drop or throw bundles or pallet. Pinwheeling helps to more fully utilize the space in a trailer or container when there is inadequate width to permit loading two turned pallets side by side. endobj That way, the oldest inventory is used rather than remaining around and becoming more compromised. Learn how working with the Joint Commission benefits your organization and community. Seas the day with our quick guide to corrugated seafood shippers! Because products must be brought securely to market, some form of packaging will always be needed. Additionally, the combustion of containers and packaging was 7.4 million tons (21.5 percent of total combustion with energy recovery) and landfills received 30.5 million tons (20.9 percent of total landfilling) in 2018. Learn about the "gold standard" in quality. Molded fiber A complete line of innovative fiber-based solutions that protect your products. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. PCR Content Popularity Gains on the Horizon, unPACKed podcast: MRFs & Flexible Packaging Need to Coexist, Food Lion Brand Demos Advanced Recycling-Based Circular System. In fact, up to 15% of compression strength may be destroyed. In this free ebook, learn how to leverage the strengths of each generation in your packaging department. Our sensor calibrations, measurement wavelengths, algorithms and sensor optical requirements are pre-set at the factory. A simple, effective solution can be to choose an area within the facility that is least susceptible to high-humidity conditions; for example, rather than an area close to the loading docks, with their routine raising of doors and the ingress of humidity, a better area is one that is farther into the interior of the facility. stream EPA used statistics from the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA) to estimate post-consumer paper and paperboard generation in 2018. The overall recycling rate for paper and paperboard packaging was 80.9 percent in 2018. Moisture and temperature are important considerations when discussing the strength and longevity of corrugated boxes. Corrugated boxes also represent the largest single product of recycled paper and paperboard containers and packaging. This can be done by using a stretch wrap machine, or by simply spiral wrapping the load by hand. Whether the unit load is columnar or interlocking, whats desired is that the boxes stack in aligned fashion, something made less probable by boxes that are out-of-square. The type of dunnage selected depends on the type of shipment and the other packaging materials being used, as well as convenience and price. Touch points can become flash points for product damage. How appropriately stretch-wrap is applied can be a big factor in whether a product sustains damage. *dzg&;RIhi? Water is used in the corrugated board production and aids in creating the liner board, forming the flute structure, and as part of the starch adhesive that combines them. This was 12.2 percent of all MSW combusted that year. The amount of moisture in a board has a significant effect in the material's properties such as printability, shrinkage, dimensional stability, and physical strength. Additionally, about 13 percent of the aluminum containers and packaging waste generated was combusted with energy recovery, while the remainder (52.1 percent) was landfilled. Paper containers and packaging, excluding corrugated boxes, had a recycling rate of 20.8 percent, while corrugated boxes had a recycling rate of 96.5 percent in 2018. According to industry numbers, corrugated is utilized for 95% of packaged goods, with boxes (i.e. All rights reserved. Registered in England and Wales. The results clearly indicated that 8-12% moisture content is most suitable for corrugated board need to taken into consideration by manufacturers as well as printers. Aesthetically, corrugated takes on a faded, dried-out appearance, even through kraft-brown liners. Extreme cold also affects moisture content, making the boxes more fragile. Therefore, any discussion about improving the sustainability of production and consumption must always address packaging as an essential part of the supply chain. When it is impossible to avoid extremes or fluctuations, bring the boxes to the packing line or another area for a period of time to condition them to a more normal atmosphere before using them. The net import of unfilled aluminum cans is estimated from data collected by the Department of Commerce. Some regions are arid year-round but those that arent still can experience periods of low humidity, either from wintry cold or summer heat. The boxes are usable, and dont end up ready for recycling before they can fulfill their purpose; The boxes will run smoothly on automatic setup, filling and closing equipment, avoiding costly jam-ups, repacking and lost time; The boxes will stack squarely, avoiding costly accidents during palletization, storage and shipment; and. It is estimated that recycling of HDPE natural bottles (e.g., milk and water bottles) was 220,000 tons, or 29.3 percent of generation. However, over time, cases can shift, creating a gap that can lead to product damage. Extreme cold also affects moisture content, making the boxes more fragile. The data below are from 1960 to 2018, relating to the total number of tons of wood packaging generated, recycled, composted, combusted with energy recovery and landfilled. Some easy-to-overlook culprits are storage and handling practices. 4 0 obj The tear-resistant qualities of corrugated cardboard are hard to beat and they have the added advantage of guarding against moisture, so food items are kept fresh. Still have a question about the data? EPA estimated the amount of generation of aluminum cans using Aluminum Association data on the number of cans consumed domestically and on average can weight. When this occurs, the two vertical edges of the box not hanging over the pallet edge are primarily supporting the load. So whereas the guidelines presented in this article are relevant for virgin corrugated, they are more so for recycled corrugated. The most common culprit of compression-loss is boxes hanging over the edge of the pallet. Were all familiar with how easily paper can soak up liquids. After recycling, the combustion of corrugated boxes was 230,000 tons, and landfills received 940,000 tons in 2018. On the surface this number might seem small, but the ramifications can be quite large. This can negatively impact the corrugated materials moisture content and the effectiveness of the glue used in manufacturing. Check out our Frequent Questions page. The boxes they need for shipping represent, on average, less than 1% of the value of their contents. . 2023 PMMI Media Group. On average, the figure is around 2%. FEFCO members can download the document here OR please contact FEFCO at [email protected] Packaging engineers work to meet the performance requirements of a box while controlling total costs throughout the system.. 2)XxN=.26^k )B7/-:vb aZ-NQ@4M Offering Packaging & Display Solutions for Over 50 Years, How Environmental Conditions Impact Corrugated Boxes, Marketing Secrets for Stand-Out Custom Retail Displays, Captivate Customers with the Best Design for Custom Counter Display Boxes, Customized eCommerce Packaging Supplies Foster Brand Loyalty and Reduce Total Cost, 3 Tips For Creating Effective Custom Point of Purchase Displays, Custom Countertop Displays Capitalize on Impulse Buying, [email protected], [email protected], Relative humidity, under load (cyclical RH variation further increases compressive loss). Additionally, the combustion of containers and packaging was 7.4 million tons (21.5 percent of total combustion with energy recovery) and landfills received 30 . . With the landscape of product damage defined, the path toward improvement must start with a robust system that helps pinpoint where efforts need to be focused. Take a look at our two other product categories and at our materials. The construction of a box can become even more complicated for dangerous goods. An official website of the United States government. They can pull the pallet and put it in a re-coup area and submit a claim to the manufacturer. If the relative humidity is low, the corrugated will give up moisture. Stay up to date with all the latest Joint Commission news, blog posts, webinars, and communications. For more comprehensive information on this category of MSW, see the 2018 Data Tables on the Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures Report page. SRI also provided recycling data for steel containers and packaging. EPA estimated that the generation of these glass containers was 9.8 million tons in 2018, or 3.3percent of MSW generation. endobj endobj Please see the EPA Methodology Document for further information on estimating the generation and management of paper and paperboard. Copyright 2022 FlexPAC Web Design by Roundpeg, To get all the tips on corrugated boxes, read our blog on, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window). In general it is observed in paper, corrugated sheet board and boxes that have optimum combined properties are obtained at moisture content level at 7-8% and hence moisture content of 7-8% may be the ideal value for corrugated sheet paper used in corrugated packaging industry. producers, packers or suppliers) are responsible for ensuring the quality, safety, and hygiene not only of food, but also of packaging. EPA based its generation estimates on data supplied by the Steel Recycling Institute (SRI).
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