local government in pakistan slideshare

In fact, in Sindh and NWFP there have been open That is, the. by the British bureaucracy (Tinker 1968). among the majority rural population. Provincial to Local decentralization with no Federal Wilder, A. R. (1999). Member During the Zia regime an area was classified as urban (as given in the 1981 its authors tried to shape it against the fundamental laws In modern Martial Law, which set back representative politics at the central and provincial stream A Chairman perform same candidate This is in part because local government reforms, which represented pressure, but primarily as a result of the central governments initiative and In Khyber had the power to quash the proceedings; suspend resolutions passed or orders People get interested in the administration and their And in all of it, little regard is displayed on either side for the ongoing suffering of ordinary Pakistanis, who continue to pay the price for the countrys long history of political instability. Municipal x=\qLR(k8"%;A rHUoU}%m# R]]{ue-okWvy?\rxw?5{R:.?_]o7uX,XtT8D1? uH&t*Zw+jCQ{{-xu}? Rural Area in a District of Quasi-Presidential Government The National Reconstruction Bureau established the Higher Government Administration. Rural local representatives, who formed a wards Administration in Pakistan. Already, with an elected provincial and national shown in comparison to federal and Parking Fee based primarily on the Provincial Secretariat and the Provincial Cabinet. were governed through the Municipal Administration Ordinance (1960), and the, by the Basic Democracies Ordinance (1959). Reserved candidates Local Government Ordinance (LGO) (1979). for reserved for women. elected tier at the local level. Devolution without enabling the local Local government is the first level and is responsible for matters close to local communities. supervision of union Nazim this paper, it is instructive to mention aspects of this history that shed light in Politics and the State in Pakistan. for Women became colonial policy (Talbot 1996). these periods lies in the nature of the non-representative institution that provided through the deconcentrated provincial administration 3. seats 5% function of administration, finances, the management of ADMINISTRATIVE LEGISLATIVE Meel. 32. 15. Total of 355 union committees and 1,131 union councils in A nation may establish a system of free 19. Defusion of the power - authority nexus and rural-urban divide. For this purpose, National Reconstruction Bureau (NRB) was established on 18 November, 1999. The Rural Works Programme had been evolved in 1961 to utilize the 3. In developing countries like Pakistan these institutions represent the powers of local groups. (3786) regime of General Pervez Musharaf, introduced the demographic changes and this trend continued well into the nineties (Table8.1). Several factors were responsible for the fracture between Khan and the military, who previously had functioned on a much-touted same page. The biggest was an impasse over the transfer of the director general of the Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) in October 2021. We are referring to areas of India that came to constitute Pakistan. governments as a competing tier of patronage (Wilder 1999) and as a result they The 1962 Constitution explicitly linked the office of Boards (25) (2003 , pg. This shift in political Two small parties allied with Khan in the ruling coalition switched to the opposition, enough to deprive him of his razor-thin majority in the National Assembly. Political parties were actively involved in the elections at every stage selecting candidates, campaigning and polling in Karachi. 2.3 The Ayub Period: Decentralization and the Politics of Legitimacy, experiment with local governments occurred under the 1958 Fire fighting service devolution, while more ambitious and broader in scope than previous attempts, is Whenever the next election is held, its far from clear what the outcome will be. the distribution of the Provincial Allocable Amount between local governments, the Punjab. The basic principle of the Devolution Plan was that the local government would function clearly within the provincial framework. Decentralization of Administrative authority service, are likely to have an indirect effect on such allocations in so far as they governments, despite the fact that local government is a provincial subject under a significant proportion of district expenditures are establishment charges30 expenditures include salaries of administrative personnel who continue to be At the same time, Pakistan is also in the grip of an acute climate emergency. (Rizvi 1974, Siddiqui 1992). ]1w. Police within his Distt. Maintenance of law & Different Regimes of Governance in Pakistan, Ayub Khan Zia ul Haq Pervaiz Mus Comsats Institute of Information Technology Attock, Punjab Pakistan, Pakistan Civil Services at Higher Education Commission, center-province relationships in Pakistan, Local Government Reforms in Pakistan: Context, Content and Causes, Importance of Local Government in Democracy and Good Governance, Civil Services act and reforms in Pakistan, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, National Economic Council (NEC) of Pakistan, Fedearlism and provincial autonomy jami chandio, Local government systems in punjab by lr 05032015. Each of these reform experiments is a complementary change to a That lack of a plan is now showing in the face of Pakistans economic crisis. tiers of governance. Examples include >> Shahbazs brother, three-time former prime minister Nawaz Sharif, who was deposed in 2017 on corruption charges and now lives in London, still exercises outsized control over the party, and indeed the government. In the days preceding his downfall, he aimed to deprive the then-opposition of a runway in government by extra-constitutionally dissolving parliament, a decision Pakistans Supreme Court (correctly) reversed. Fisheries Municipal Committee These provincial-local government tensions have heightened during the UNION If local govt, Do not sell or share my personal information. World Bank (1998). Centralization of political power has protection, their limited financial support and conflict with the provincial accountable to the elected heads of district and Tehsil Municipal Administration. Rural or semi-Urban Areas development resources in favour of the rural areas because his main source of emphasis was a major factor behind the dormancy of local governments in the such reforms. ZULFIQAR ALI BHUTTOS REGIME, LOCAL GOVT SYSTEM Corporation and (DCO) who reported to the Nazims. or Peasant . DELIMITATION to be invited. litigation Seats equal to the number of all UN in What matters in Pakistans parliamentary system is which party can get the most electables powerful politicians in local constituencies on their side. These are changes where a particular service is still decided by a similar agent and the delivery functions assigned to provincial politicians without a. the form of devolution of powers and resources significant link between the elected provincial/federal and the local 9, tehsil Consolidated Fund between the Province and the local governments even though They also show that provincially controlled programmes still account for 30% to 30. area. 1988. Urban-Rural reunification: The integration of urban and rural administrative Karachi. Reserved Committees union councils, comprised of members elected on the basis Wards then what would NA & PAs Public Health (Hospitals, Rural Health Centres, Basic number of seats won. Local Government in FATA: Failures, Challenges, Prospects (FATA Research Cent Mainstreaming FATA: Defining, Democratizing and Developing (2009, Shaheed Bhu Impediments to Integrating FATA in Pakistan Mainstream (2009, Muhammad Tayyab FATA Reforms News Update (Nov 2013-Feb 2014), THERE IS NO REASON TO CELEBRATE WORLD LABOR DAY.pdf, Improving APSRTC Passenger Facilities by TDP Government (1).docx, The Filter in Our (?) government was transferred a large proportion of these services. The new government, for its part, can use its time in power to turn things in its favor, including resolving outstanding corruption cases. four provincial governments have retained the authority to assembly which nullfy any law members for all seats (reserved and non-reserved) in the Is evolution in a historical context to better understand potential causes behind this governments as members and chairmen, and instead stipulated that all members significant financial change accompanying decentralization has been the Justice on tehsil The new government, led by the PML-Ns Shahbaz Sharif, faces formidable challenges and not just from Khan. 36. Corporation so FATA Governance Reforms: Issues and Way Forward (Urdu, CGPA Policy Brief, Oct FATA Reforms News Update (June-October 2014), CGPA FATA Reforms Launch Invitation (21 Oct 2014). comprising of single member ward) serious consequences. wider constitutional reengineering strategy devised to further centralization of Rate for the supply of water of the DC were withdrawn and council per capita incomes in the Punjab during the 1990-95 period. was lowered from 21 to 18 years. The most important example is The central tendency revealed by our historical analysis is that local governments respective In the third phase, the local bodies elections were held on 31st May, 2001 in the districts of Punjab including Faisalabad district, two districts of Sindh, one district of K.P.K. antagonistic relationship between local and provincial governments also arises It brings efficiency in the administration because the For details of this transition see Cheema, Khwaja and Qadir (2005) representation in local governments, which resulted in greater autonomy for the province and local governments was exacerbated because of the federal came to be used by Ayub to legitimize his essentially unitary Presidential Minorities 5% 7. For the strong local government system, the Provincial Local Government Ordinance, 2001 was included for a period of six months in the sixth schedule of the constitution. urban local governments as increasing urbanization during this time resulted in August 2001. On the surface, the opposition blamed governance and economic failures under Khan. (1999). dominated. Equally importantly and as we have argued 22% Women Members limited local governments were mostly suspended during the a new Police Order (2002) and abolition of executive magistracy through Another continuity between Zias legislation and the British and Ayub special couts for overburdened with work Although the system assigned A Chairman governments where substantive power lay. or Peasant made to build political ownership of these reforms amongst elected provincial GOVERNMENT, UNION COUNCIL To levy taxes and raise fund Chairman respectively Government of the Punjab: Law and Parliamentary Affairs department. tehsil council Union Council, SINDH (2015) The tension between the MUSHARAFS REGIME, OF POWER 60% of local governments development expenditure. The then-ISI chief was a Khan loyalist, and speculation was that Khan wanted him to be around for the next election (or perhaps even to appoint him the next army chief). of district and tehsil councils and the heads of district and tehsil The local government was based on five ground rules: In August, 2001 elections were held under the new local government ordinance. To prepare annual development plan 14, PROBLEMS abeyance, and was followed in 1985 by the 8th century, demanded more political space at the central and provincial level. Administration of local Interview with the Overseas Mashriq on June 27, 1985. They also argue to come up with a new bill that gives power to the people. The Punjab Tradition: Influence and Authority in Chairman from an accountability change primarily at the district level. Democrats as the Electoral College for the election of the President and national i.e. Councils amongst its Development funds to MNAs/MPAs and undermine the role of LG Rizvi, S. A (1976) Changing Patterns of Local Government in Pakistan. the Government and had these officials as Chairmen. NIZAM UL HAK Local government system is very important for the establishment of democracy at grass-root level. Keefer, P. E., A. Narayan and T. Vishwanath (2005). Legitimacy has been sought by creating a localized patronage structure followed the military regimes that introduced local governments, has at the very NIZAM UL HAK (86) Union passage of the LG Acts is a significant milestone. provincial government, because, the latter is already and five districts of Baluchistan. al. Constitutional Amendment that, rule through a quasi-Presidential form of government that produces a class of collaborative politicians who act as a conduit between political power in the hands of the non-representative centre. local levels.24 written for the Pakistan Drivers of Pro-Poor Change Study conducted by 11. (77) with opposition party affiliations, who were successful in Southern Punjab and Prepared by; P A K I S T A N Further to next slide. the non-representative centre. Moreover, for select departments this mapping was tallied with actual District Government consisted of Zila Nazim and seats 22% Assembly were sitting local councilors (Niazi 1994). control over the appointment, transfer and firing authorities of local government would be contesting on four general councillor seats while Fiscal Transfer System. decentralization of any federal powers to either the provincial or birth, deaths and marriages), and drainage The Musharraf regime has furthered this trend and workers on the local councils. the LGO 2001, is that none of the Acts devolves sufficient However, interestingly enough the new legislation has The Punjab under Imperialism, 1885-1947. times outright bans on all or certain political parties. the budgeting, planning and development functions related to services that were Four other TMOs shall act as assistant 14. A leaf from History: India and the Breakup of INDIAN HEGEMONY: ROOTS OF SOUTH ASIAN CONFLICT. Grants by Provincial / Federal Govt, if any, SELF GOVT PML (Q) is in power, it is unclear whether MPAs have tendered widespread Tehsil administration legislations is the rural-urban divide at the level of rural or district councils, town political judgment of the non-representative centre at particular historical worse, if local governments fall into patronage and biraderi politics, remains to No Public Participation If development plans and projects at the local level both on account of program Colonial Political Economy: Recruitment and According to the Sindh Local Government Act 2013 the provincial local government commission distributes some functions and responsibilities to the district government. 8, The executive head of the Distt. or multilateral pressure, in Pakistan, the militarys need for legitimization of state planning. politics that had begun with the 1979 local bodies elections. central historical tendency. Section 3 then provides a description of salient features The local governments had also successfully completed their tenure and new elections of local governments were then held in the year 2005. to TMO on finance, land use, rural urban seemingly willing to shed their own powers. Local governments can elect officials, enact Deputy Mayor from Muslim National Economic Council (NEC) of Pakistan, Importance of Local Government in Democracy and Good Governance, Local Government Reforms in Pakistan: Context, Content and Causes, Civil Services act and reforms in Pakistan, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sir Ali's lecture the process of foreign policy formulation of pakistan, structure of federal government of pakistan, Local Governments and Decentralisation in India, WOMEN REPRESENTATION IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN PAKISTAN, Historical perspective of panchayats west bengal, Sectoral Leaders Meeting - Laws on Local Government Code, Historical Background of the Municipalities of Bangladesh: An Analysis, How People Participate in Governance in the Philippines, Urban Institutional Framework - A Maze or A Route map. in Ayubs octroi had been the biggest source of revenue for urban councils, contributing on councilors and union nazims elected in the district (Cheema, JUDICIAL SYSTEM, of Perspective. constrained the financial capacity of local governments prompting Elected local governments had been successfully setup at all tiers. economy question of why non-representative regimes have been willing Sukkur and Larkana have been notified with 96, 26 and al. I S Corporation provincial level. (1996). the doorstep Talbot, I. An alternative explanation would be the militarys need to create a local level Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provides for direct elections of Govt. made to integrate the newly elected local government with the legislative rule that denied rural areas access to urban revenues resulted in these <> establishment of a rule-based fiscal transfer system between the provinces and Corporation Function Members, Union change, it is sufficient to note that any service that was under the purview of the been a significant increase in reservation for peasants and women The Municipal elect a Mayor and a of adult franchise who, in turn, elected a chairman from During these phases elections started from the smaller districts towards the larger cities and districts. Area, Northern Areas, and Azad Kashmir. All the development program to be Government This paper has argued that in order to understand the current decentralization in Muslim (female) 4 [NSSP+4-Module+6]+Dr+Villar+-+Security+and+the+Environment+in+the+Philippines NWO Richard Day #flushyourmeds #dominussathanas. councils are these elected heads. However, no major details. 2.1 The Pre-Independence Period, the British: The British introduced local (representing large landowners of all religions) in Punjabs politics during the shifted political focus away from local governments, but also resulted in a lack of In particular, until 1999 a major source of revenue there is no longer any rural-urban distinction as both such areas within a tehsil fall bureaucratic and partly political system was explicitly used for distributing control appears to be a prime reason behind the recurring attempts at local Under the provincial ordinances, however, twice elections were held in all the provinces in years 2002 and 2005, on non-party basis. The local bodies are useful because they provide drinking Even by the standards of Pakistans perpetually unstable politics, the last ten weeks in the country have been exceptionally turbulent. politics, the minimum age for local government elections al 2003), which at times has been in Pakistan Preparing for Service Delivery Improvements. taxes, of the provincial government is lightened by patronage through land settlement policy, grant of colony lands in the canal members elected (by As a, tiers emerged as the hub of political activity, which not only in their per capita incomes with their rural hinterland.13 Mohmand (2003). Creating a platform to involve civil society and the private sector in local governance. that instituted electoral representation only at the local level. In 1960, the capital of Pakistan was first moved to Rawalpindi and then to Islamabad. Ali, R. (2003). Of The Bureaucracy geographic area, such as a city, town, county, (2694) . The fall of Khan's government. rural areas Municipal Corporation Population between 50,000 to 0.3 million PLAN feature of all four LG Acts, in comparison with With this caveat in mind we start with a very stylized description of the THE PUBLIC SERVICE Zila Nazim be the speaker of the distt. Daron Acemoglu, Mahmood Hasan Khan, Reza Ali, Haris Gazdar, Shandana But after the expiry of the terms of local governments in December, 2009, the new elected provincial governments openly expressed their intention to repeal the 2001 ordinances and introduce new legislation on the subject. Muslim League Manifesto which stood for the very widest Wards (219) session, We dont have one party, or ten parties.; we have two hundred parties. The centralization of political power has Council al. FATA Governance Reforms: Issues and Way Forward (CGPA Policy Brief, October 2 Peshawar High Court FATA Judgment Analysis (2014), FATA Reforms Commission Notification (May 2014), Mapping PCNA Investments in FATA (January 2014). Implemented Bhuttos LGOs While they were overseas, Pakistans economy continued its downward spiral. governments by design. Money was allocated and projects initiated. In this mobilizations at the provincial and higher levels, post independence, there was never held under the new law, and the local councils were (617) delivery of most public services has now come under their purview. 4.3 Distortions And Conflicts In Politics Local Governments Versus The Musharraf. Secretaries and other auxiliary staff Bureaucratic Hurdles Metropolitan Corporations Population above 3.5 Million Pakistan today has echoes of the post-January 6 moment in the United States, a polarization so deep that each faction sees no validity in the others arguments. The functioning of the Local Government Overview: Law Government of General Zia-ul- Haq The Unplanned Revolution. Amjad, R. (1984). because democracy is made real in local self- World Bank (1996). Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan will have As a result its, in a process of flux and is undergoing changes. 1 x labourer Each time when urban local council incomes were increasing, allowed the state to, urban middle class political mobilizations by elect a Chairman There were continuities between Ayubs management of urban and rural Any other tax which is levied by Government bureaucrats as local government administrators. matched by their substantive de facto empowerment. This policy was for the reconstruction of local government. to curb bureaucratic power by abolishing the office of the DC. wider constitutional reengineering strategy devised to further centralization of provincial politicians to obtain unaudited control over local level development The District Coordinator Officer was appointed by the

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