what nationality was keturah in the bible

In any event, Abraham was at least in his 140s at that time (he would live to 175). In fact, a difference in opinion is often a characteristic of political peace rather than the reason for its demise. Hagar and Ishmael wander through the desert until they run out of water, and in despair, Hagar sets Ishmael down under a bush and turns away, expecting him to die and not being able to watch it happen.Aug 17, 2018. In this view, the redactor is trying to turn Keturah into just one of Abrahams concubines, a view accepted by Chronicles. What did Abraham mean by marrying Keturah after Sarah's death? Her nationality is unknown. Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women. Isaac became Abrahams sole heir, and Ishmael and Hagar were banished to the desert, though God promised that Ishmael would raise up a great nation of his own. Steinberg took the Ner LeElef Rabbinical Outreach training course and moved to Huntington, NY in 2002 to work as an outreach rabbi for the Mesorah Center. Keturah bore Abraham six sons: Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah. "What is Meant by Abraham's Marrying Keturah After Sarah's Death. We rely on the support of readers like you. God tells Abraham to do as Sarah wishes, so he sends Hagar and Ishmael into the desert with only meager food and water. Some 13 years later, however, Sarah conceived Isaac, with whom God established his covenant. It was the longest and most-profitable film then produced and the most artistically advanced film of its day. thee alive. 6990 . Why does remarry? (Gen. 11:10-27) Abraham told 5. son of contention, one of Job's friends. 12. According to the Biblical tradition, he contracted this second marriage after the death of Sarah (compare Genesis 23), and very likely after the marriage of Isaac (compare Genesis 24). There have been quite a few revolutions and uprisings in the world, and although critics love to blame religion and differences in opinion, the main reason why people revolt is because their liberties are curtailed to the point that their lives aren't livable. maker was God Himself. As Hagar begins to despair, God speaks to her, promising that Ishmael will become a great nation and showing her a well that saves both their lives.Jan 25, 2008, So Sarah throws Hagar and Ishmael out, and the homeless pair has to fend for themselves in the hot and barren desert. 4092 . If they defeat me, then say: You have bested the commoner among us; and if I defeat them, tell them: The Torah of our teacher Moses has defeated you. They authorized him, and he went and disputed with the offspring of Keturah and of Ishmael. Copyright 2023, Bible Study Tools. The Rabbis ask: What gifts did Abraham nevertheless give the sons of Keturah? Gen 25:1 Abraham took another wife, whose name was Keturah. The first unit identifies the six descendants of Abraham through Keturah. see HEBREW zamar. Episode 91: Israel at 75: Voices of Protest. Shuach -- a son of Abraham and Keturah. 7743, 7744. (Genesis 25:1; 1 Chronicles 1:32) (B.C. ", (incense ), the wife of Abraham after the death of Sarah. do not hold females in high regard. JOKSHAN. 17:6, 7, 8-16; 18:5), is in the neighborhood of Horeb; if the locality Massah and Meribah (17:7) is to be found in the region of Kadesh-Barnea or is identical with it (Num. A theme in the Abraham stories is his lack of children, which is why he marries Hagar and has Ishmael. [9], ca:Quetur A Parasha Pregnant with the Past, Present and Future of Israels Protagonists, Abraham and Lots Bedouin-Style Hospitality, The Song of the Sea and the History of Ancient Israel and Judah, Manassehs Genealogies: Why They Change Between Numbers, Joshua, and Chronicles,, Decoding the Table of Nations: Reading it as a Map,. And Ishmael and his sons, and the sons of Keturah and their sons, went together and dwelt from Paran to the entering in of Babylon in all the land which is towards the East facing the desert. Keturah's sons were said to have represented the Arab tribes who lived south and east of Israel (Genesis 25:1-6). He is the author of Images of Joshua in the Bible and their Reception (De Gruyter 2016) and editor (with Jacob L. Wright) of Archaeology and History of Eighth Century Judah (SBL 2018). script>. Keturah is the second wife of Abraham, whom he took after the death of his first wife Sarah, and who bore him six additional sons, namely Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak and Shuah (Genesis 25:1-2). Subscribe to the CompellingTruth.org Newsletter: Genesis 25 records that Keturah is the wife Abraham married after his first wife Sarah died. The Lord commanded Sarah to give Hagar to Abraham for his wife and commanded Abraham to take Hagar as his wife (see D&C 132:3435). An additional explanation gives this word the meaning of binding or sealing (keshurah). Abraham and Sarah away, giving them treasure and some Egyptian maidservants. Although Abraham was quite insistent that Isaac not marry a Canaanite (24:3), and Rebecca later insisted the same for Jacob (27:46), that was due to the importance of fathering the Jewish people. Zimran. With her extremely jealous reaction to Hagar and Ishmael, would Sarah really have countenanced another rival? Transliteration: Qeturah Phonetic Spelling: (ket-oo-raw') Short Definition: Keturah. Do We See Any Gospel Connections in the Book of Numbers? A son Abraham and his beautiful wife Sarai wandered the deserts of Africa, Asia, and Arabia in search of a city "whose builder and maker was God" Himself. ( Genesis 25:1 ; 1Chronicles 1:32 ) (B.C. God again intervened. There is a well-known Midrash that it was actually none other than Abrahams earlier concubine and mother of Ishmael, Hagar (Bereishit Rabbah 61:4 and elsewhere, see Rashi to 25:1). the lineage of the female. From 'ab and yada'; father of knowledge (ie Knowing); Abida, a son of Abraham by Keturah -- Abida, Abidah. She is "of good sense and beautiful in looks," while he is "hard and evil in his deeds" (v. 3). the Old Testament is Abraham, affectionately called father by three major Yishbaq -- a son of Abraham and Keturah 3434, 3435. Book XVI. ke-tu'-ra, ke-too'-ra (qeTurah; Chettoura, "incense"): The second wife of Abraham (Genesis 25:1 1 Chronicles 1:32 f). Concubines seem to have been wives acquired through slavery or else as payment of a debt; however, this made them no less legitimate than free-born wives. When Isaac blessed Jacob, he tells him (Gen. 27:29): Let peoples serve you, and nations bow to you; these nations are the offspring of Ishmael and of Keturah (Gen. Rabbah 66:4). He asked: Whence do you bring a proof for your claim? They replied: From the Torah. Gebiha ben Pesisa retorted: I, too, will bring a proof from the Torah. Int. Article Images Copyright 2023 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated. She was the mother of 6 sons representing Arab tribes South and East of Palestine (Genesis 25:1-6), so that through the offspring of Keturah Abraham became "the father of many nations.". [17][18] The name Keturah was alternatively said to be derived from the ketoret (meaning "incense" in Hebrew) due to her deeds being as pleasing as incense. 9, vs. 7 saying "Are you not like the Children of Ethiopia to me, O Children of Israel"[4]. From the Venice Haggadah of 1609. Once Sarah has her child, the narrative is occupied with describing her jealousy against Ishmael, the son of Abrahams other wife, Hagar. The wife of Abraham, after the death of Sarah, Genesis 25:1-6. The Rabbis present this as a lesson in proper conduct: if a mans wife dies, and he has grown children, he should first see that they are married before himself taking a new wife (Gen. Rabbah 60:16). This pattern is especially clear in the Table of Nations in Genesis 10, which explains geographical proximity and ethnic similarity through family relationships.[7]. An epic about the American Civil War (1861-65) and the . Yoqshan. Through the offshoots of the Keturah line Abraham became the "father of many nations. According to the Biblical tradition, he contracted this second marriage after the death of Sarah (compare Genesis 23), and very likely after the marriage of Isaac (compare Genesis 24). Have an update or correction? Read the latest from JWA from your inbox. Generations later, Moses would marry the daughter of Jethro the Midianite, and other descendants of Jethro converted as well (see Judges 1:16). Didnt Abraham already send Hagar away (Gen 21)? When Israel was in the desert, the Midianites sent their daughters to tempt them to sin (Numbers 25:6, 31:2,16), and during the era of the Judges they were one of the neighboring nations who opposed Israel (Judges 6).). : pilege Translated: concubine[11]). (1 Chron. Jewish Women's Archive. Abraham didnt marry Hagar. CHAPTER 15. She was the mother of 6 sons representing Arab tribes South and East of Palestine (Genesis 25:1-6), so that through the offspring of Keturah Abraham became "the father of many nations. Gen. 25:6 relates that Abraham sent the sons of Keturah away from Isaac eastward, to the land of the East. He told them: Go as far eastward as you can, so you will not be burnt by the burning coal of Isaac (Gen. Rabbah 61:7). Was Keturah and Hagar the same person? The Nationality Act was passed by Congress in 1940 and signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) on October 14, 1940. It is said [in Gen. 25:56]: Abraham willed all that he owned to Isaac; but to Abrahams sons by concubines Abraham gave gifts. If a father gave his children bequests in his lifetime and sent them away from each other, has any one a claim against the other? The offspring of Keturah and of Ishmael immediately left behind their sown fields and their planted vineyards, and fled. The difference between (a) selective distribution of food and merriment to one's favored customer or project and (b) unselective distribution to everyone around is the same difference between the generosity of modern philanthropy and that of God: the former "gives" only to whatever endeavor makes the giver stronger, whereas God gives to all people without discrimination (Matthew 5:45, Joel 2:28), and allows everybody to grow into whatever they can and sort their stuff out by their own authority and responsibility. Who is this Keturah and what was the significance of her marriage to Abraham? 4081 . Seeing the Letter Tet in a Dream: 9th Anniversary, Study the Torah with Academic Scholarship, By using this site you agree to our Terms of Use, https://thetorah.com/article/our-stepmother-keturah. She was perfumed (mekuteret) with commandments and good deeds (Gen. Rabbah 61:4); she was (through her good deeds) more savory (mekuteret) than all manner of spices (Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer [ed. Zimran -- a son of Abraham Zimran. Based on this Midrash, Hagar would have been quite old at the time Abraham took her back. Source critical scholars suggest that verses 14 and 56 represent two different units. [16] According to modern scholar Richard Elliott Friedman, the identification of Keturah with Hagar has "no basis in the text".[5]. Others believe that this opinion in the Midrash should not be taken literally and Keturah was a different woman, no doubt much younger. The Bible; the Pentateuch; Tanakh (the Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographia)Torah mentions this marriage in Gen. 25:1, after the death of Sarah and subsequent to the wedding of Isaac and Rebekah. 25:3 Jokshan begot Sheba and Dedan. See also, Aaron Demsky, Reading Biblical Genealogies, TheTorah (2016); idem., Manassehs Genealogies: Why They Change Between Numbers, Joshua, and Chronicles, TheTorah (2019); David Ben-Gad HaCohen, Decoding the Table of Nations: Reading it as a Map, TheTorah (2015). According to Genesis, Abraham married his Shuah /hebrew/7744.htm - 5k, 4091. 21:12. (see the book Ethiopia the classic case pg.47). And these mingled with each other, and their name was called Arabs, and Ishmaelite's. There's no mistaking the typical look of an Arab today. concubine, Hagar. The film focuses on two families: One from the North, the Stonemans, and one from the South, the Camerons. A maidservant like Hagar? 1:17-27, Gen. 20:12) You need to understand Modern day 1860.). Higger], chap. Alternatively, Keturah also shares the same root as the Hebrew word for incense ( ketoret ); for her good deeds were sweet and pleasant like incense. Sarah actually forces Abraham, against his paternal instinct, to banish the competitor child (Gen 21:1011). Although the miracle of Abraham and Sarah bearing a child when they were 100 and 90 was quite emphasized in the Torah (Gen. 18:12, 21:7), no doubt once Abraham regained his vigor, it remained with him for some time to come (Haamek Davar). From . 2174b, 2175. Rabbah 2:13). She is styled "Abraham's concubine" ( 1 Chronicles 1:32 ). Pharaoh: and the woman was taken into Pharaoh's house. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham married Keturah after the death of his first wife, Sarah. Ibid. 5. Before moving on, it should be mentioned that Keturah is called Abrahams concubine, not his full wife (Genesis 25:6, I Chronicles 1:32). The offspring of Keturah was used as a disparaging appellation by the Rabbis when they wished to deride a Torah scholar who did not live up to expectations, just like the sons of Keturah, who, although the children of Abraham, did not attain the level of Isaac (BT Zevahim 62ab). beautiful wife, later called Sarah. Though she is called a "concubine," this may have been to distinguish her sons as well as Ishmael from Isaac the son of promise, Genesis 25:6; 1 Chronicles 1:32; Galatians 4:22,30. See Antiq. > Transliteration: Yoqshan Phonetic Spelling: (yok-shawn') Short Definition: Jokshan. Easton's Bible Dictionary This implies that the Rabbis understood that Sarah died before Abraham remarried. Surely what He wants in His world will happen. And so it happened that after Abrahams death, God revealed Himself to Isaac and blessed him, as his father had intended to do (Gen. Rabbah 61:6). When Isaac married Rebekah, he said to himself: I have taken a wife, while my father is without a spouse! "Incense, the wife of Abraham, whom he married probably after" "Sarah's death (Gen. 25:1-6), by whom he had six sons, whom he" sent away into the east country. Let us know. beautiful Shemitic wife to ravish her, and God had to intervene to rescue her. If this verse is referring to Keturah, why is the word plural,[2] and why does the terminology switch from wife (ishah) to concubine (pilegesh)? (1 Chron. Keturah ( Hebrew: , Qr, possibly meaning "incense"; [1] Arabic: ) was a wife [2] and a concubine [3] of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. While the Israelites / Hebrews were captives in Egypt, Moses killed an Egyptian who was striking a Hebrew, for which offense Pharaoh sought to kill Moses. Int. She indeed was entangled with her husband, Abraham. Moses therefore fled from Egypt, and arrived in Midian. This is odd for two reasons. By submitting your email address, you understand that you will receive email communications from Bible Gateway, a division of The Zondervan Corporation, 3900 Sparks Drive SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA, including commercial communications and messages from partners of Bible Gateway. /hebrew/6989.htm - 6k, 28. ", https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/keturah, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keturah&oldid=1137525950, This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 02:32. /d/dedan.htm - 11k, Shuah (5 Occurrences) Easton's Bible Dictionary Prostration; a pit. How long did the actual slavery of Egypt last? One of the most important and influential men in the Old Testament is Abraham, affectionately called father by three major religions of the world. In context, one might suggest that Abraham was simply lonely after Sarahs death. Another tradition identifies Keturah with Hagar, and thus Abraham married only twice. In the midrashic depiction, after Abraham divorces Hagar and sends her into the wilderness she sits by the well and cries to God: See my shame! Hagars demand for justice was accepted by God, who revealed Himself to Abraham after Sarahs death and commanded him to take back his divorce, Hagar-Keturah (Gen. Rabbah 61:4). Who was Abrahams second wife Keturah? NOBSE Study Bible Name List and Jones' Dictionary of Old Testament Proper Names agree: the name Keturah means Incense. There is most likely some truth in this theory. That year was a Sabbatical year, and Israel enjoyed the fruits of the abandoned fields (BT Sanhedrin 91a). 47:19), then . Word Origin from the same as madon Definition a son of Abraham and Keturah, also his desc. Order. (Beyond that, Midian had a more checkered history. If the mention of Keturah had been placed early in the Abraham narrative, his complaints about having no heir would have been false, and there would have been no need for him to father Ishmael with Hagar. Some, but not all, Jewish philosophers identify Keturah with Hagar, stating that Abraham sought her out after Sarah's death. The Torahs account of the end of Abrahams life (Genesis 25:1-6) is actually quite curious. 1:32). Both Genesis and First Chronicles record that Keturah bore Abraham six sons: Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah. Second, the wifes new name of Keturah does not necessarily teach that this was a different woman; rather, it was a name given to Hagar in recognition of her good qualities (see below). [5], According to Doctor of Anthropology Paula M. McNutt, it is generally recognized that there is nothing specific in the biblical traditions recorded in Genesis, including those regarding Abraham and his family, that can be definitively related to known history in or around Canaan in the early second millennium B.C.E. A type of non-halakhic literary activitiy of the Rabbis for interpreting non-legal material according to special principles of interpretation (hermeneutical rules). According to the Judean authors Josephus and Cleodemus Malchus, Punic people were descended from Epher, grandson of Abraham and Keturah. established Egypt, referred to in Psalms 105 and 106 refer to as the land of Standard Bible Encyclopedia. to misuse Sarah for his pleasure. (This was an obligation on Abraham and his household (see Genesis 17). No one could replace Sarah, the foremother of Israel. tr:Kantura. hu:Ketr The Torah she-bi-khetav: Lit. 3436 . One of the most important and influential men in A scholar quoted in the Mishnah or of the Mishnaic era, i.e., during the first two centuries of the Common Era. : 'ih Translated: woman, wife[10]). 29). All these were the children of Keturah. According to the Judean authors Josephus and Cleodemus Malchus, Punic people were descended from Epher, grandson of Abraham and Keturah. I have several frustrating issues going on in life today, as well Im wondering what happened to the House of David. went down into Egypt to sojourn there; for the famine was grievous in the land. Hagar is a biblical woman. concubine, Hagar. The Torah writes nothing about her background and origin although if she was a wife of Abraham and mother to six of his children, she must have been a pretty important person! Qeturah. A son see HEBREW yada'. He is called "the Shuhite," probably as belonging to Shuah, a district in Arabia, in which Shuah, the sixth son of Abraham by Keturah, settled ( Genesis 25:2).He took part in each of the three controversies into which Job's friends entered with him ( Job 8:1; 18:1; 25:1), and delivered three speeches, very severe and stern in their tone . // Javascript URL redirection so I might have taken her to me to wife: now therefore behold thy After enumerating Nabal's enormous wealth in flocks (1 Sam 25:2), the narrative introduces her in contrast to him. and religion that calls Abraham its father: the Arabic religion of Islam. 29); her deeds were as fine as incense (ketoretTanhuma, Hayyei Sarah 8). Rabbi Rosenfeld's son Zvi recently published his first book, The Ring of Fate, a riveting, fast-paced fantasy novel which is also completely kosher in both language and subject matter. 1 Chronicles 4:11. from Hebrew University in Jewish History (biblical period), as well as ordination (yoreh yoreh) and advanced ordination (yadin yadin) from Yeshivat Chovevei Torah (YCT) Rabbinical School. (Gen. 12:15-16) Abraham later fathered a son by one of these African maidens, /s/shuah.htm - 9k, Genesis 25:1Abraham took another wife, and her name was Keturah. Dr. Black History and its Prophecy of the Races at Egyptians claim their lineage is Shemitic through Ishmael, Abrahams Shemitic people take pride in their males lineage and ignore Griffith developed The Birth of a Nation script from a popular play and novel about the Civil War, The Clansman by Thomas Dixon, Jr. Ishmael was born and brought up in Abrahams household. [8] Insofar as verses 56 and the mention of children of concubines, these verses seem to be expressing a viewpoint that Abraham had concubines and children all alongit was just that his wife (Sarah) didnt have children. The Torah gives us no background whatsoever regarding Keturah. [3] Additionally, she is mentioned in Antiquities of the Jews by the 1st-century Romano-Jewish historian Josephus,[7] in the Talmud, the Midrash, the Targum on the Torah, the Genesis Rabbah, and various other writings of Jewish theologians and philosophers. And his second wife is someone the Torah identifies by name but states nothing further. Genesis Rabbah interpreted the name Keturah in accordance with the opinion that she was identical to Hagar: the name was said to be related to the Aramaic ketur (knot) to imply that she was "bound" and did not have sexual relations with anyone else from the time she left Abraham until her return. "the written Torah." pt:Quetura On February 8, 1915, D.W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation, a landmark film in the history of cinema, premieres at Clune's Auditorium in Los Angeles. Therefore, the editor made the only choice available to him: he put the Keturah account after the death of Sarah.[8]. Noun (qitor) refers to thick smoke. Though the Torah describes them separately, the rabbis often identify Keturah with Hagar, who they state came back to remarry Abraham after Sarahs death. and they sent him away, and his wife, and all that he had. (Gen. 12), Beset by plagues, this Hamitic king sent The children of Keturah are depicted as waste that issued from Abraham (Sifrei on Deuteronomy 312). All of Keturahs sons were the heads of nations (Gen. Rabbah 61:5). Say, I pray thee, thou art my sister: that it may be well with In Genesis 15 we read about Abrahams doubts and concerns. deserts of Africa, Asia, and Arabia in search of a city whose builder and Keturah bore Abraham six sons, who were characterized by one . Where is Keturah?". /m/medan.htm - 7k, Abida (2 Occurrences) Or Abi'dah, father of knowledge; knowing, one of the five sons of Midian, who was the son of Abraham by Keturah (1 Chronicles 1:33), and apparently the chief /a/abida.htm - 7k, Zimran (2 Occurrences) Easton's Bible Dictionary Vine-dressers; celebrated, one of the sons of Abraham by Keturah (Genesis 25:2). Even so, as children of Abraham, they were most certainly blessed and to some degree spiritual heirs of his sanctity. Who is she? his wife to tell the Pharaoh that he was her brother, so the African king would 1915. Noun (miqtar) describes a place of sacrificial smoke, (miqteret) means censer and (meqattera) means incense altar. The Quran extols Abraham as a model, an exemplar, obedient and not an idolator. Rashi asserts that that Keturah is the same person as Hagar, and he quotes a midrash to explain the name change: Perhaps the Sages were bothered by Abrahams treatment of Hagar and hoped to make midrashic amends. He holds a Ph.D. from Emory University in Jewish Religious Cultures and Hebrew Bible, an M.A. Genesis 25:4 chapter context similar meaning copy save. He lives with his wife and family in Ramat Beit Shemesh, Israel. The minor character Asenath, mentioned in the Bible as Joseph's wife and mother of Manasseh and Ephraim, became the heroine of an ancient Jewish novel written between 100 BCE to 200 CE, likely in Egypt. He learned in Manchester Yeshiva, Gateshead Yeshiva, and Mir Yeshiva. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. [3] Rashbam and Chizkuni suggest that it is a reference to Keturah and Hagar, but this doesnt work well either. 1:17-27, Gen. 20:12) You need to understand The Birth of a Nation, landmark silent film starring Lillian Gish, released in 1915, that was the first blockbuster Hollywood hit. Some Jewish sages have proposed that Keturah and Hagar, the mother of Ishmael, are the same person, but there's no evidence in the text to support this, and this proposition is ultimately fantastic. were not from Ishmaels line at all, but existed prior to Abraham, much less his The Bible Yoqshan -- a son of Abraham and Keturah 3369, 3370. fi:Keturah 3371 . (WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS NIV), 1 Chronicles 1:33The sons of Midian: Ephah, and Epher, and Hanoch, and Abida, and Eldaah. No one could replace Sarah, the foremother of Israel. that, when Abram was come into Egypt, the Egyptians beheld the woman that she This notion is based on 25:6: But to Abrahams sons by concubines Abraham gave gifts while he was still living, and he sent them away from his son Isaac; and this expulsion is both in this world and in the world to come (Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer, chap. The Rabbis describe her as a woman of virtue, for which she was worthy of being joined to Abraham.

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