griswold cast iron skillet 8 value

When Wagner acquired Griswolds brand, the production of its beautiful cast iron wares ceased. Simple guide to the pros and cons of cast iron cookware. 5 Cast Iron Skillet Erie PA 724 - 8 Diameter -Classic, Vintage Griswold Cast Iron Skillet #8 Erie PA Smaller Logo, Leave feedback about your eBay search experience - opens in new window or tab. However, a cracked pan is doomed if you plan to use it and is not a wise purchase for a collector. You need to keep in mind that some vintage iron cast skillets wont work well on your new-age stove with induction tops. SBL #8 Early Handle Cast Iron Skillet 704 R Fully Restored!!! If you decide to purchase from Amazon.com through the links on my site, Ill receive a small commission that provides some income to keep the site up and running. Unfortunately, this is a very mystic brand, even passionate collectors dont know much about them. 8 small logo #704R vintage Circa 1939-1944, Nice #8 Vtg ~ Griswold Basting Skillet LID Cover Iron Mountain Cast Iron 1035 B, Griswold Cast Iron Skillet No 8 Large Block Logo Erie PA 704 A 10" no reserve, Unmarked Griswold #8, 10" Cast Iron Skillet With Heat Ring, 755, Restored, Griswold Cast Iron No. While you can cook in it, keep in mind that in good condition its valued at over $1000. The Griswolds Erie logo is the first Griswold logo. And it is one of one the benefits of buying a restored skillet. The height of the skillet is 2.25 inches. Griswold cast iron skillet. While stainless steel pans lined with copper or aluminum will transfer heat well and make cooking easy, cast iron not only transfers heat well, but it retains heat, making it a terrific tool for deep frying. Experts with Cast Iron Collector offer a detailed listing of what pans were made in certain eras, and which logos were used as the years went by. For those willing to pay extra for a more aesthetic skillet, the Smithey's ultra-smooth, polished interior and copper color makes it stand out, while also . Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Established in 1865 in Erie, Pennsylvania, by Matthew Griswold and the Selden brothers, Griswold Manufacturing specialized in the production of functional and visually pleasing cast iron kitchenware. Its such a shame to see old vintage skillets that have hairline cracks. "Griswold" was a brand name of the Griswold Manufacturing Company, a family-owned manufacturer of cast iron and aluminum kitchen wares based in Erie, Pennsylvania. Number of bids and bid amounts may be slightly out of date. Erie skillets are also known to be super smooth and are often priced similar to other vintage pans. Check for the logo Every skillet must have the logo imprinted on the bottom. chatog1716 (256) 100%. Again a heat ring is no indication of cooking performance but rather the desirability of the pan. Simply marked in the beginning with Victor at the 12 oclock position like Erie skillets. Matthew Griswold, the founder of the Griswold Manufacturing Company The value of antique cast iron is subjective. Sears contracted with Griswold Manufacturing Company to make cast iron cookware for their department stores. Original Price $154.36 And it is likely from the previous owner using knives, metal spatulas, or other utensils in the pan. 8 Large Logo Cast Iron SKILLET 704-G, Griswold No. However, Im almost positive the hole was drill by a previous owner, and isnt factory original. Pans made from stainless steel cant withstand this kind of oscillation. The joy of cast iron is cooking with it, so make sure the piece you discover can be utilized. Pitting can also occur due to poor storage. So before you buy a large-sized Griswold skillet, make sure it does not spin. 8 Small Block Logo Skillet 10.5 704 G Erie, PA, Vintage #12 Griswold Large Block Logo Cast Iron Skillet 719 w/ Heat Ring, Vintage Griswold Cast Iron Skillet Small Block Logo #8 704 C READ DESCRIPTION, Vintage Griswold No 8 Small Logo Cast Iron Skillet 704 L, Vintage Griswold Hinged Deep Double Skillet: Size 8 & 80: No. And identify noncollector pieces that have high asking prices. So you can expect to pay less for a Griswold without a heat ring. With this article, I hope buyers understand why asking prices are different depending on logo, size, and condition. The largest skillet with the Griswold Slant logo is #14. This skillet features a very handy size. The most commonly known Griswold logo features a cross with a center circle that includes the name ERIE. Boonie Hicks is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for www.booniehicks.com to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com. Are old cast iron skillets better than new? Different manufacturers labeled their skillets differently. It was in 1873 that the business was renamed the Selden & Griswold Manufacturing Company. Check out our other article to learn about thehistory of Griswold Manufacturing. It looks heavy and massive but it is pretty lightweight only 4 pounds. or Best Offer +$29.99 shipping But it does increase the value and demand for flat skillets. This brand changed its logo very often. And premiums are paid on both small sizes and larger sizes. )Continue, Would you be able to tell an antique sofa from just a really old one? This site and other online resources can help you date your Griswold cast iron skillet. The only thing that I dont like about it is the height of the rim, it is only 1.78 inches. Griswold made Victor skillets between the 1890s to the 1930s. I bet most of you will be intrigued by this information. So before you start looking for vintage skillets on your own, make sure you read this article with utmost care for details! Erie is placed below the Griswold logo. These pieces seem to sell at a similar price to a smooth bottom Griswold with a block logo. Never wash it with soap, and never expose it to large temperature changes (never place it on a stovetop after washing it with cold water) to prevent cracks and damage. Probably as a method the remove the seasoning. The second reason is that cast iron skillets can handle all types of cooking. How to inspect a Griswold cast iron skillet? Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations, Le Creuset Classic Cast Iron Handle Skillets, Le Creuset Classic Cast Iron Handle Skillet, 9", White, Le Creuset Classic Cast Iron Handle Skillet, 9", Artichaut, Le Creuset Classic Cast Iron Handle Skillet, 9", Cerise. We've sent you an email to confirm your subscription. The skillet from this ad is used before, and it has some smaller markings, however, it is perfect for cooking and not so perfect for displaying. Because you can expect to pick up a skillet with the Griswold small block logo at a lower price than more collectible skillets. Sale Price $116.00 The Griswold large logo vs. small logo, which is better? You can score a great deal on yard and garage sales, people usually arent very much informed about the worth of their belongings. What are the benefits of ceramic cookware? I would love to get my hands on a size 13 with a Slant logo. In addition to his status as an industrialist, he was also no stranger to the political sphere: he served two terms as a Republican Congressman, from 1891 to 1893 and 1895 to 1897. What is the Value of your Griswold Manufacturing collectibles? However, the Erie logo was used before Griswold started to place their company name on their cookware. Yeah, it can also cause a bit of nostalgia, but hey, nostalgia aint that bad. And some sellers are asking some hefty prices. It was all rusty line it had been left outside for years, but it cleaned up very nice and smooth. 12 inches and 10.25 inches with 8 inch Set of 3, Pan, Dual Handles & Dual Pouring Lips, Safe across All Cooktops, Oven, BBQ, or Campfire, , Pre-Seasoned Cookware with Large Handles and Pour Spouts, 12-Inch, Black, Skillets - Pre-Seasoned 2-Piece Pan Set: 10" + 12"-Inch + 2 Heat-Resistant Silicone Handle Covers - Dual Handle Helpers - Oven Safe Cookware - Indoor/Outdoor, Grill, Stovetop, Induction Safe, with Lid - 10"-inch Pre-Seasoned Covered Frying Pan Set + Silicone Handle and Lid Holders + Scraper/Cleaner - Indoor/Outdoor, Oven, Stovetop, BBQ, Camping Fire, Grill Safe Cookware, - 12.5" Oven-Safe Frying Pan Cookware Pan for Cooking, with Lid, Triple Seasoned - 4 qt Capacity, Utopia Kitchen 12 Inch Pre-Seasoned Chef's Pan - Frying Pan - Safe Grill Cookware for indoor & Outdoor Use -, with Tempered Glass Lid (12 Inch) - Medium, - 10-Inch Pan, Cook Like a Pro with Smooth Milled, Organically Pre-Seasoned, Surface | Like the Heirloom Cookware Grandma Used | Designed in St. Louis, with Red Silicone Hot Handle Holder, 12-inch, with 2 Loop Handles - 17 Inch Ergonomic Frying Pan, Lid - 12"-Inch Dual Handle Frying Pan + Pan Scraper + Silicone Handle Holder Covers - Pre-Seasoned Oven Safe Cookware - Indoor/Outdoor, Grill, Stovetop, Induction Safe, Set with Silicone Mitt (4 Count) - 3.5 Inch Pans,Pre Seasoned Small Skillets for Baked Cookie/Brownie or Cooked Eggs, Square Grill Pan, Pre-Seasoned, 10.5-inch, Frying Searing and Baking Pan with Handle for Home Kitchen, Safe Cookware for Oven Stove Grill Smoker Induction or Camping Indoor and Outdoor Cooking, 3-Piece Set - Best Heavy-Duty Professional Restaurant Chef Quality Pre-Seasoned Pan Cookware Set - 10", 8", 6" Pans - Great For Frying, Saute, Cooking, Pizza & More,Black, + Grill Press + Scraper Set - 10"-inch Pre-Seasoned Frying Pan + Silicone Handle Grip - 7" Round Burger Smasher - Indoor/Outdoor, Stove, Oven, Grill, Induction Safe Kitchen Cookware, Frying Pan with Long Handle, Made in Colombia, 12 Inch, Frying Pan for Oven, Induction, Grilling or Camp Cooking, 10 inch, Pan - Safe Grill Cookware for indoor & Outdoor Use, with Lid - 12"-Inch Frying Pan + Glass Lid + Heat-Resistant Handle Cover - Pre-Seasoned Oven Safe Cookware - Indoor/Outdoor Use - Grill, BBQ, Fire, Stovetop, Induction Safe, + Lid - 2-In-1 Multi Cooker - Deep Pot + Frying Pan - 3-Qt Dutch Oven - Pre-Seasoned Oven Safe Cookware - Indoor/Outdoor - Grill, Stovetop, Induction Safe - Great for Bread, 3 Pieces Kitchen Frying Pan Nonstick Cookware Set w/Drip Spout-Silicone Handles, Scraper-Electric Stovetop, Induction, Gas Range, Ceramic, NCCI76, Black, Grill Pan with Removable Grill Grate - Square Pans for Grilling, Searing, BBQ, and More - Oven-Safe Up To 450 - Ready Criss Cross Lines - Also Use as Griddle, Greater Goods Chainmail Scrubber | Clean the, Like a Pro without Losing Seasoning | Dishwasher Safe and Easy on the Hands | Designed in St. Louis, Skillets for Cooking with Silicone Handle & Scrapers - 8 Inch, , Titanium Ceramic Coated Frying Pan, Grey. Anyhow, the point is, that you cant cook and bake amazing dishes without the proper equipment. This makes it hard to identify than other skillets. In all honesty, you may be able to keep the pan in better shape if you just keep using it! It transitions from previously used Erie logos to Griswold logos. Dont get confused, this stamped number does not always mean an exact diameter in inches. The diameter measures 10.5 inches across (from one spout to another) and the cooking surface is 8.25 inches. And it is not uncommon the find Sidney Hollow WareandWapak skillets with an Erie ghost mark. Supposedly they are manufactured in Michigan, but that is also unconfirmed info. Tara is a food writer that has been editing and authoring articles for KitchenSanity since its founding. The rim of the cooking bowl is around 2.25 inches high and it has two pouring spouts on the sides. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. But this does not mean every skillet is free from flaws. If youre looking for simple tips, she will make your journey in the kitchen straightforward with a dash of fun. And to make new molds. Vintage No. You have entered an incorrect email address! Soap makers recommend long sleeves, heavy shoes, goggles and gloves. What Factors Affect Value? When Wagner Cast Iron bought the Griswold facility and name, the pans were no longer made in Erie and quality was greatly reduced. The most valuable and rarest Griswold skillets are those under numbers 1, 2, 11, 13, and 20. Griswold is THE NAME in the world of skillets, and iron-cast cookware in all. Restoring a skillet takes a lot of time that most of us do not have. Once you hit enter, you will see current listings. The internet is full of them. The online store puts buyers and sellers together and sells antique cast iron daily. Selden & Griswold started to manufacture hollowware in 1873. The skillet I want has a pitted base. But if you want to buy a vintage Griswold or are curious about the value of your skillet or Griswold ironware, here are some simple contributing factors that determine the value. And many people like the larger-sized pans for baking. Choose the options youd like for the order. So you could have an early pan. Try contacting them via Messages to find out! That same year, Griswolds housewares and brand were sold off to the Wagner Manufacturing Company of Sidney, Ohio, and its Erie factory was permanently shut down. The fact that its still usable to this day demonstrates the high quality of this product line. There are some logos more desirable than others. Some of the technologies we use are necessary for critical functions like security and site integrity, account authentication, security and privacy preferences, internal site usage and maintenance data, and to make the site work correctly for browsing and transactions. The item is in great condition, with just small markings that come with age and use. Try using a different browser or disabling ad blockers. The diameter of this item is almost 15 inches, while the cooking surface is around 14 inches, which is a great size. If you have a Griswold skillet in your pantry, it could be worth a great deal of money. The, Read More Most Valuable Antique Dishes (Rarest Sold for $331,000)Continue, Many of us remember trikes fondly from our childhoods a key part of young childhood was, Read More Antique Tricycles: Value, Identification, Buying & Selling Guide (Rare One Sold For $21,060)Continue, Although wrenches havent changed much over the last few centuries, there is something joyful in handling antique, Read More Antique Wrench: Identifying, Valuing, and Buying (2023 Updated)Continue, Your email address will not be published. Learn the factors that determine the asking and selling prices of a Griswold cast iron skillet. No. Top subscription boxes right to your door, 1996-2023, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. However, slant logos on skillets without a heat ring is not as common as skillets with a heat ring. Price and other details may vary based on product size and color. There was a problem subscribing you to this newsletter. Griswold Manufacturing - History Griswold Manufacturing began life as the Selden-Griswold Manufacturing Company. It just says ERIE and a number 8, with a tiny little diamond mark centered under the Erie label. Lets find out. The inside cooking surface of this skillet measures 10 inches, and the upper rim is approximately 2 inches high with two pouring spouts. While the word is out that Griswold cast iron is the name to collect, some asking prices have skyrocketed and are getting onto the crazy territory.However, many sellers value their sellers at market value. His strongest piece of advice? Griswold manufactured griddles with this logo Circa 1884-1910. That being said, I would not look past an Erie skillet just because it has a little movement. Send me exclusive offers, unique gift ideas, and personalized tips for shopping and selling on Etsy. Competition from more modernized manufacturers in the 1940s set Griswold Manufacturing on a long and chaotic collision course with its end. Their selection of cookware included skillets, muffin pans, roasters, bread molds, waffle irons, kettles, dutch ovens, and even miniatures. Many collectors will accept a little movement to the pan. Does rust affect the value of my skillet? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. It measures 8 inches in diameter, from one spout to another spout. Cookware for Camping, Indoor and Outdoor Uses, 12 Inch Smooth Wasatch Pre-Seasoned Round, Set - 8" + 12"-Inch Frying Pan + Glass Lids - Pre-Seasoned Oven Safe Cookware - Heat-Resistant Holders - Indoor/Outdoor Use - Camping, Grill, Stovetop, BBQ, Firepit, Induction Safe, Made In Cookware - 11" Blue Carbon Steel Grill Frying Pan - (Like, , but Better) - Professional Cookware France - Induction Compatible. Dont see this option? Simple guide to the pros and cons of cast iron cookware. item 4 Vintage No. When he passed away in May of 1919, the City of Erie named Griswold Plaza after him, honoring the work he did to fund and develop the downtown area with a railway station and post office. Once you have finished reading this article, I have written beginners guides to Griswold skillets. Purchasing a restored skillet could be the way to go for many new tovintage ironware. Her writing offers personal experience from experimentation with food and recipe creation. Dating Griswold cast iron is fairly simple, thanks to the detail found in many Griswold cast iron price guide booklets. If youre looking for value in the collectors market, seek out pans with the largest Griswold stamp logo you can find. As you can see the one we found on eBay is a true gem. It Depends! (15% off), Sale Price $131.21 The cooking space is just enough to fit two eggs. 8 GRISWOLD Cast Iron SKILLET Frying Pan LARGE BLOCK LOGO 704 H Vintage No. In a world of quick-cooking everything, theres joy in heating up oil and frying up a main course in a durable, well-seasoned piece of cast iron. The value of Griswold cast iron is quite easy to determine if you can confirm that the pans arent knock-offs a bit of study can help you determine the value of the pan in your sights. 2. No Mint Mark On A Coin: What Does It Mean? With a diameter of 12.5 inches, from one spout to another, this skillet is quite large. They imprinted the number as a way to clarify the compatibility between the pan and the type of stove. The Griswold slant trademark changed to add the words cast iron skillet in an arc at 12 oclock on the skillet. It will give you an idea of the value of your skillet. Griswold used this logo somewhere between 1905-1909. 8 GRISWOLD Cast Iron SKILLET Frying Pan LARGE BLOCK LOGO 704 H $130.00 item 5 Griswold Large Logo Slant Erie #8, 10-1/2" Cast Iron Skillet, #704 H ~Heat Ring Griswold Large Logo Slant Erie #8, 10-1/2" Cast Iron Skillet, #704 H ~Heat Ring 8 Large Block Logo Cast Iron Skillet Heat Ring, Vintage GRISWOLD No 8 Cast Iron Skillet Large Block Logo 704 Seasoned Sits Flat, Vintage Griswold Cast Iron No. It might sound odd, but the more used the skillet is, the better it is for cooking. Sizes 10-14 can cost a pretty penny, particularly for size 13. Cast iron cookware can be used on so many cooking surfaces, from induction and outdoor grills to a rustic campfire. 8 Griswold Large Block Logo Cast Iron Skillet, with heat ring, 704 N. (53) $249.00. This is how a well-preserved Wapak Indian logo skillet should look like. Markings Apart from logos, the Griswold iron cast pans and cooking items changed markings over time. They are worth over a few thousand dollars. These include. Great! Before the Griswold became just the Griswold he operated under the name Seldon and Griswold Manufacturing Company. Griswold skillet #20 is one of them. There are conflicting dates, so I used a conservative timeline. Estate Sale Tips: Smell Silver Before You Buy It? The Griswold Manufacturing company used the Slant trademark from 1906-1916. Why Is Griswold Popular Among Collectors? They expanded into the best cast iron cookware in the 1870s. Just take your time if you want to buy one of these beauties. A new 9-inch skillet is much harder to handle than an antique of the same size. It is also lightweight (as much as we can say that for iron cast) and has an incredibly smooth cooking surface. Does this affect the value of the skillet? Learn more. Decoding Coin Lingo: The Meaning of AU and BU in the Numismatic World, How Many Quarters in a Roll? However, the word Griswold is no longer in italics. If you have an Erie or a Griswold, then you have yourself one fine skillet. Do you want to know the current selling prices for Griswold cast iron? Tecumseh skillets are very rare. The slant logo, however, remained the same. So lets learn how to recognize them. How Much Is My Griswold Skillet Worth? This one is a real deal it has all the details I mentioned with the previous model. If you want tolearn the historyof Griswold, you might this article interest too. Also, if you are interested, the handle is 5 inches long. If you have a Griswold slant logo with EPU the manufacture date is around 1909-1929. The business remained family-run until 1946 when Ely Griswold retired and sold off Griswold Manufacturing to a New York-based investment group. If you have a piece of Victor ironware, I have written an identification guide to estimate the age of your pan. From 1880-1907 the word Erie is placed at 12 oclock. Selden & Griswold cast iron 1873-1884 Matthew Griswold and two brothers from the Selden teamed up and started to make door hinges in 1868. But, there are some beautiful skillets around with the small block logo. Identify your Griswold Manufacturing Marks. Erie cast iron is sometimes described as Pre Griswold. Please join us as we recreate some old-time traditional recipes. WorthPoint is the largest resource online for identifying, researching and valuing antiques. Most manufacturers produced skillets from number 1 to 20. Iron Mountain (by Griswold) Cast Iron Skillet #8, HR, 1033, Circa 1940. Unfortunately, this is an area on cast iron often damaged by sulfur pitting. It is not usual to see vintage skillets with utensil scratches on the cooking surface. Established in 1865 in Erie, Pennsylvania, by Matthew Griswold and the Selden brothers, Griswold Manufacturing specialized in the production of functional and visually pleasing cast iron kitchenware. The cooking surface is around 10 inches, which is suitable for preparing larger amounts of food. Weight is a good test to determine that you have an authentic antique piece of cast iron. Step 1 Turn the skillet over and look for the Griswold mark on the bottom. Ive heard that if the pan was ever used to melt lead then a hole was drilled so it wouldnt be able to be used for cooking again. And it should not impact the value of the pan too if the scratches are not too deep. The cooking space measures 20 inches, however, it has 24 inches from one handle to another. You can pick up a rusty skillet at a much lower price. But there are a few characteristics which the Iron Mountain skillet series have which can identify them. Periodically, the business would add new items to its list of products such as Dutch ovens, different pots and pans, roasters, kettles, and a grid iron. Original Price $150.00 I read somewhere it was used to make bread and the tiny hole allowed steam to escape. Curiously, there are three iron skillets originally manufactured by Griswold that are not valued as collectors pieces due to the volume of their creation. Feel the weight. Of course, depending on where youre buying your antique cast iron, pricing guides are generally just a useful suggestion. Also, the Slant logo has characteristics that differ from Erie and Griswolds Erie skillets. From handmade pieces to vintage treasures ready to be loved again, Etsy is the global marketplace for unique and creative goods. However, the Griswolds Erie logo shares similarities which Erie skillets. 7 Reasons Why Griswold Cast Iron Is Better. Fire damage is a result of the skillet used in extreme temperatures. For instance, you cant prepare an omelet in a saucepan (okay, maybe you can try, but why?). Notable reduction in logo size. For a really smooth piece of well-seasoned cast iron, a Griswold waffle iron or Griswold skillet can be a lot easier to maneuver and very nice to use. Simple identification guide using logos. The seller might still be able to personalize your item. CREATING A VINTAGE-THEMED CAMPFIRE GATHERING www.worthpoint.com, BIT BY THE (CAST) IRON BUG www.worthpoint.com, 2023 - WorthPoint Corporation | 5 Concourse Parkway NE, Suite 2900. Then it is your lucky day. 8 Cast Iron Skillet, pre griswold no 8 cast iron skillet gatemarked with ornate handle sits flat, Vintage Cast Iron SKILLET Unbranded w/ GRISWOLD Slant Logo Ghost-marking #8, "Fully Restored" GRISWOLD #8 Cast Iron Skillet 10" Small Logo Seasoned Flat, Fully Restored GRISWOLD Cast Iron SKILLET Frying Pan 8" SMALL BLOCK LOGO Flat, GRISWOLD #8 Cast Iron Skillet 10" Small Logo, professionally restored, Sits flat, Vintage GRISWOLD No. This page was last updated: 01-May 02:13. You could be correct as to the purpose of the hole, And I have a few Dutch Ovens with a hole in the lid to allow steam to escape. These have a wide range of choices but make sure you check the product well before you purchase. Oitomi teapots and kettles (history, manufacture, use and care). It seems to be quite rare. However, with the introduction of electric cookers, cast iron cookware with heat rings slowly gave way to cast iron skillets without heat rings. Luckily we can use these markings to determine the age of your Griswold cast iron skillet. Turning off personalized advertising opts you out of these sales. Learn more in our Privacy Policy., Help Center, and Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy. Many pay a premium for Griswold cast iron skillets. So if you are buying an Erie online, make sure you ask the seller if the skillet rocks or spins. They expanded into the best cast iron cookware in the 1870s. Japanese cast iron: history, benefits, products, and brands. Griswold store bands that included. Manufactured sometime from the 1750's to the 1880's, this antique gate marked cast iron griddle is in reasonable condition, considering it is well over 100 years old. Victor 722 C #8 Cast Iron Skillet Pre Griswold No Warping Heat Ring, Vintage GRISWOLD No. The cooking surface is smooth. Even though Mathew Griswold bought out the company in 1884, he still used the Selden Griswold logos. However, rare sizes on smooth bottom pans often negate the premium paid for heat rings. The Cast Iron Collector also has some great information on cast iron store brands. There is no wobble. 8, Small logo Erie, PA., 704 J flat bottom, Griswold Square-Fry Skillet #2108 Number 8 Cast Iron Small Slant Logo Rare Resto, VTG Antique GRISWOLD No.

Scott Wilson Vanerstrom, Oklahoma Wind Farm Abandoned, Mercury In 3rd House Scorpio Ascendant, Bark In The Park Savannah Bananas, Epistemological Foundations Of Objectivist And Interpretivist Research, Articles G