lianhua qingwen contraindication

There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of psychiatric disorders between the LHQW group and the conventional drug group (RR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.253.97, p = 1.000). ex DC. Further clinical trial showed that LHQW was superior to oseltamivir in improving the symptoms of influenza A virus infection by a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials [37]. National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine Is Involved in a Wide Range of Treatment and Early Intervention Has Good Effects. Academician Yiling Wu systematically constructs the theory of collateral disease, provides theoretical guidance for the formulation of Lianhua Qingwen, and gives . The China National Medical Products Administration agency has officially approved LHQW for the treatment of mild or ordinary COVID-19 pneumonia (Ahsan et al., 2020; Cao et al., 2020; Chan et al., 2020; Khan et al., 2020; Kupferschmidt and Cohen, 2020). Hence, the researches on specific active components of LHQW are still important and the reduction of irrelevant ingredients may be related to less adverse reactions. Res. 11 (31), 52605355. The incidence of nervous system damage was lower in the LHQW group compared to the conventional drug group (RR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.180.32, p < 0.001). We examined 54 studies on treatment of influenza, 42 of which reported adverse reactions. Some notable dangerous reactions include heart attacks, strokes, seizures, and sudden deaths. Mo H.Y., Ke C.W., Zheng J.P., Zhong N.S. However, in evaluation of security index, Eggers test and funnel plot analyses disclosed the existence of publication bias with regard to hepatobiliary system damage, psychiatric disorders, gastrointestinal system damage and body as a whole-general disorders. Chin. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. (Hongjingtian), Mentha haplocalyx Briq. Lianhua Qingwen capsule and Lianhua Qingwen granules were approved to add "functional indications" to the originally approved indications: "In the conventional treatment of novel. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment of viral influenza between the LHQW group and the conventional drug group (RR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.471.21, p = 0.244). Are there any known contraindications? Second, one purposes of this study was to retrieve information on adverse reactions from different countries, due to language barriers, only English and Chinese articles were retrieved, and adverse reactions in the Chinese population were specifically analyzed, the effects on populations from other countries therefore require further investigation. Yao K.T., Liu M.Y., Li X., Huang J.H., Cai H.B. Accessibility COVID-19 pandemic has caused a serious threat to public health and become the greatest challenge facing the world. As COVID-19 has led to serious death and lacks treatment strategies, the potential therapeutic drugs are increasingly being explored. Zhong Y., Zhou J., Liang N., Liu B., Lu R., He Y., Liang C., Wu J., Zhou Y., Hu M., Zhou J. In another prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial in confirmed COVID-19 cases, Hu et al. "It's the first time in the world that we have enough evidence to prove Lianhua Qingwen capsule is effective and can help . Prof. Zhenhua Jia formulates the prescription of Lianhua Qingwen based on the theory of collateral disease, and participates in the research projects of Lianhua Qingwen against H 1 N 1 and COVID-19. Due to the low quality of the clinical research, the accuracy of this conclusion needs to be conducted to verify. Identification of a pharmacological biomarker for the bioassay-based quality control of a thirteen-component TCM formula (Lianhua Qingwen) used in treating influenza A virus (H1N1) infection. Clinical efficacy and mechanism of Lianhua Qingwen Granule on COVID-19 based on network pharmacology research. Drug Related Hospital Admissions: the Role of Definitions and Intensity of Data Collection, and the Possibility of Prevention. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. It may benefit the treatment of COVID-19 by the signaling pathways such as advanced glycation end products (AGE)-receptor of AGE (RAGE), TNF, sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, IL-17 and human cytomegalovirus infection [41]. Effect of Maxing Shigan Tang on H1N1 influenza A virus-associated acute lung injury in mice. COVID-19 has led to a great case fatality. It blocked the early stages (02h) of virus infection, and reduced virus-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-B) activation and the gene expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 [24]. Pharmacol. The majority of studies lacked sufficient description of allocation concealment and therefore, the project was predominantly evaluated as unclear risk of bias. Although the blinding method was not reported, since some symptom indicators needed measurement with instruments, assessment of symptom indicators was unlikely to be affected by the lack of blinding. Second, the herbs in LHQW are mostly grown in specific areas, the varied origin of herbs are usually together with different content of bioactive ingredients, thus the quality standard control of the included crude drugs should be encouraged [12]. Lianhua Qingwen Jiaonang with Chinese Characters; As per continuing post-marketing surveillance, there is still incessant sale and distribution even through social media platforms, such as Facebook, of Lianhua Qingwen Jiaonang with Chinese characters, which were verified as unregistered by the FDA. [2] In the practice of TCM, LHQW is considered to have the effects of clearing excessive heat, removing toxins, improving lung ventilation, and discharging heat. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA Statement. Accordingly, other biases were defined as low risk of bias. The risk of bias data is presented as a percentage, as shown in Figure 2. BMJ. Lianhua Qingwen Capsules of Yiling Pharmaceutical Approved in mauritius. [4][10], In March 2022, during the Shanghai COVID-19 outbreak, the medication was distributed en masse to residents. The current meta-analysis was conducted to systematically evaluate the security of LHQW compared with conventional drug in clinical application. These in vitro studies indicate that LHQW shows a wide range of antiviral activities including its anti-SARS-CoV-2 role. (2021) investigated the efficacy and security of LHQW in the treatment of mild or moderate COVID-2019 pneumonia, reported no statistical difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between LHQW and conventional treatment groups from two studies (RR = 0.43, 95%CI = 0.121.54, p = 0.19). [9], During the COVID-19 pandemic, the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) approved the use of Lianhua Qingwen for mild to moderate COVID-19 cases in January 2020, and promotes the use of the medicine abroad. Figure 1 provides a detailed flowchart of the screening process. [4][7], Lianhua Qingwen should be avoided for patients with G6PD deficiency, since its active ingredient, Lonicera japonica, will lead to hemolysis to such patients. However, since subgroup and sensitivity analyses did not explore the source of heterogeneity, we utilized meta-regression to determine the potential underlying factors. Six studies were included on treatment of herpes zoster and reported the adverse reactions. [Cruciferae; Isatudus Radix], Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai [Polypodiaceae; Dryopteris Crassirhizomatis Rhizoma], Houttuynia cordata Thunb. The basic clinical treatments for COVID-19 include anti-infectious, anti-proinflammatory cytokines, nonspecific antiviral as well as life support therapies [[6], [7], [8]]. Theoretical Study of the Anti-ncp Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Lianhua-Qingwen Formula (Lqf). Lianhua Qingwen(Forsythiae fructus 225 mg, Lonicerae japonicae flos 225 mg, Ephedrae herba (processed w/ honey) 85 mg, Armeniacae semen amarum (stir-baked) . Clin. DerSimonian, R., and Laird, N. (1986). All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. A systematic review on the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine on influenza. Based on analysis of 40 cases of RCT, the clinical safety of LHQW was comprehensively examined, 163 adverse reactions were reported from 24 studies (Wang et al., 2013). The Trim and Fill method was further applied to assess the impact of publication bias. In response to the severe SARS-CoV-2 attack, TCM has gained high usage in recent several months especially in China [47]. Traditional Chinese medicine has accumulated substantial clinical experience over thousands of years. Subgroup analysis showed a lower level of nausea or vomiting in LHQW group (RR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.480.74, p < 0.001), no statistical difference was detected for other symptoms of gastrointestinal system damage. Among the eight included studies on rheum therapy, six reported adverse reactions. Wu, L., Chen, Y., Ma, Y., Yang, Z., Yang, N., Deng, W., et al. Received: 27 August 2021; Accepted: 06 January 2022;Published: 27 January 2022. (2021). The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. (2002). Future related studies will provide accumulated evidence to clarify it. 152 (3), 393402. No adverse treatment-related effects were reported in all the included publications (from 2009 to 2011). Medicinal Plant Names Services. It is urgent to develop effective drugs to contain and treat COVID-19. Use Overdosage Contraindications Special Precautions Adverse Reactions Storage MIMS Class ATC . Natural herbal medicine Lianhuaqingwen capsule anti-influenza A (H1N1) trial: a randomized, double blind, positive controlled clinical trial. Vahl [Oleaceae; Forsythiae Fructus], Lonicera japonica Thunb. The group reported significantly lower incidence of adverse reactions (RR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.460.82) and lower incidence of gastrointestinal system damage in the LHQW group (RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.460.92) relative to the control group. [Saururaceae; Houttuyniae Botanical drug], Rheum palmatum L. [Polygonaceae; Rhei Radix et Rhizoma] (Peng et al., 2015). 100 (21), e26059. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. (2020). (Jinyinhua), Ephedra sinica Stapf (Mahuang), Armeniacae Amarum Semen (Kuxingren), Gypsum Fibrosuum (Shigao), Isatis tinctoria L. (Banlangen), Dryopteridis Crassirhizomatis Rhizoma (Mianmaguanzhong), Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The epidemic of 2019-novel-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia and insights for emerging infectious diseases in the future. Percentage of risk of bias for all qualified studies. However, while the potential clinical efficacy of LHQW has been demonstrated in several studies (Hu et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2020; Xiao et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2021), no consensus has been reached regarding the adverse reactions associated with LHQW therapy to date. This review will elucidate the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of LHQW in lung protection and antiviral activities, and provide timely data delivery for the exploration of effective treatment strategies in the therapy of COVID-19. Twenty-six studies focused on treatment of common pneumonia, of which 23 reported adverse reactions. In treating fine particulates PM2.5 (7.5mg/kg)-exposed model rats, LHQW significantly relieved the pathological changes of thickened alveolar septum, congestion of capillary, interstitial edema and infiltration of lymphocyte and neutrophil surrounding bronchiole [34]. Methods and analysis : We systematically searched the Medline (OVID), Embase, the Cochrane Library, and 4 Chinese databases from inception to July 2020 to include the RCTs that evaluated the . Med. 12, 640782. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.640782. The recent meta analysis reported 22 studies with a total of 2,007 patients, showing that the adjuvant therapy of LHQW with western medicine could improve the clinical efficiency and C-reactive protein index, shorten the time of antifebrile, cough time, rhondros duration and imaging time, as well as speed up the recovery of pneumonia patients [39]. 04:26. 13 (08), 676681. Biometrics. N. Engl. Compared with the conventional drug group, the incidence of disease recurrence was lower in the LHQW group, implied that LHQW might could regulate and enhance the immune function of the body. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Objectives: Lianhua Qingwen capsule/granule (LHQW) is an innovative patented traditional Chinese medicine with potential curative effects on respiratory diseases. Potential publication bias was assessed using Funnel plot, Beggs and Eggers test. Lianhua Qingwen Capsules has a better therapeutic effect on viral influenza, but the incidence of adverse reactions is high, and its safety must be taken seriously. Alternat Med. [16][17] A Filipino TCM physician interviewed by ABS-CBN clarified that although the medicine can be used for symptomatic treatment of flu-like symptoms in COVID-19 patients, it is not an antibiotic nor anti-viral, and cannot cure the disease itself. FIGURE 2. In a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury animal model, LHQW could efficiently decrease the chemotaxis of monocytes toward the pulmonary infection foci, and thus blocked the disease development by down-regulating MCP-1 expression [33]. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment of other diseases between the LHQW group and the conventional drug group (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.651.39, p = 0.780). Seven studies reporting treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were included, among which two described adverse reactions. (2020). Pharmacopoeia of Peoples Republic of China. The .gov means its official. doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557, Hu, C., Liang, M., Gong, F., He, B., Zhao, D., and Zhang, G. (2020). Trim and Fill: a Simple Funnel-Plot-Based Method of Testing and Adjusting for Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis. [14] Retraction Watch also notes that author Jia Zheng-hua is the son-in-law of Wu Yi-ling, the founder of the company in question. Data analysis were done by CH and DZ. In the evaluation of security indexes, LHQW group has a reduced incidence of respiratory system damage, skin and its appendages injury, nervous system damage and gastrointestinal system damage, along with other adverse reactions. Pharmacological Action, Clinical Application and Adverse Reactions of Houttuynia Cordata. 81703740), the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 37 (6), 25752579. Pharmacol. Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020). Study on the network pharmacology and evidences of Lianhua Qingwen in the treatment of Novel Coronavirus (2019 nCoV) Pneumonia. A network analysis of the Chinese medicine Lianhua-Qingwen formula to identify its main effective components. Dong L., Xia J.W., Gong Y., Chen Z., Yang H.H., Zhang J., He J., Chen X.D. Front. Meta-analysis in Clinical Trials. In the evaluation of treating disease, the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment of influenza A (H1N1) and influenza were lower in the LHQW group compared to the conventional drug group. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00199.x, Higgins, J. P., Altman, D. G., Gtzsche, P. C., Jni, P., Moher, D., Oxman, A. D., et al. Trials. doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x, Fan, Z., Guo, G., Che, X., Yang, Y., Liu, Y., Li, L., et al. Results: In total, 217 experimental studies were included. Chin. Liu-Cheng Li was responsible for drafting the manuscript. Bras (1992). The main characteristics of the eligible studies are summarized in Supplementary Table S1, while the composition of LHQW and how LHQW were reported in the original studies presented in Supplementary Table S2. Sensitivity analysis was performed by assessing the stability of the results after removal of individual studies. LHQW: Lianhua Qingwen. Lian-Di Kan, Ye-Cheng Jin and Hong-Mei Fang were responsible for the conception and design of the review. During the study, no serious adverse events were reported. Wu et al. Objectives: Lianhua Qingwen capsule/granule (LHQW) is an innovative patented traditional Chinese medicine with potential curative effects on respiratory diseases. Meta-Analysis of Efficacy of Oseltamivir and Substitution Therapy for Anti- H1n1 Infection. Nevertheless, none of the in vivo studies are directly focused on Corona virus or COVID-19. doi:10.1136/bmj.d5928, Higgins, J. P., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., and Altman, D. G. (2003). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of body as a whole-general disorders between the LHQW group and the conventional drug group (RR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.193.01, p = 0.708). Five studies reported treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia, with two documenting adverse reactions. (2020). [Caprifoliaceae; Lonicerae Japonicae Flos] (255g), Ephedra sinica Stapf [Ephedraceae; Ephedrae Botanical drug] (85g), Prunus armeniaca L. [Rosaceae; Armeniacae Semen Amarum] (85g), Gypsum Fibrosum (255g), Isatis indigotica Fort. [20], In Australia, the Therapeutic Goods Administration has not given approval to Lianhua Qingwen, as it contains ephedra, a key ingredient used to make the drug methamphetamine. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment of herpes zoster between the LHQW group and the conventional drug group (RR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.521.23, p = 0.302). Keywords: Available at: http://m.news.cctv.com/2020/03/17/ARTIEYQ2aws8fPYWQxjnynzo200317.shtml?from=singlemessage (Accessed Apirl 29, 2021). Available at: http://www.theplantlist.org/(Accessed December 18, 2021). Recently, a single center retrospective study showed that LHQW granules (6g, tid) combined with conventional therapy (nutritional support therapy, symptomatic therapy, antiviral and antibiotic medication) could significantly relieve the symptoms like fever, cough, weakness and short breath in COVID-19 suspected cases with good safety [40]. LHQW is recommended by the National Health Commission of the Peoples Republic of China as a traditional Chinese medicine appropriate for COVID-19 pneumonia (trial version from Fourth to the Eighth Edition). The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. Chin. (2011). Traditional Med. Med. In addition, LHQW capsules could inhibit both Victoria and Yamagata lineages of influenza B virus (IBV) with the 50 % inhibitive concentrations ranging from 0.2280.150 to 0.7540.161mg/mL [26]. [7] In the United States, the FDA is advising consumers not to purchase or use Lianhua Qingwen, stating that it has not been approved or authorized by FDA and is being misleadingly represented as safe and/or effective for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19. Treatment of SARS-Cov-2: How Far Have We Reached? Statistics showed that infected patients in China who received combined treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine and modern medicine exhibited lower fatality rate and relatively better clinical outcomes. [Fabaceae; Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma] (85g) (Rivera et al., 2014; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2021; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew science, 2021; The Plant List, 2021; Yiling Pharmaceutical, 2021). J. Chin. Few reports of adverse reactions in the course of treating COVID-19 pneumonia with LHQW are available. The duration of sputum was shorter in the Lianhua Qingwen group than in the conventional drug group (WMD = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.50 to 0.70, < 0.001). Here, we performed a meta-analysis of 217 Chinese experimental studies to evaluate the safety of LHQW. ADVERSE REACTION Uncertainty. An outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) which was infected by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still spreading and has led to unprecedented health emergency over the world. Beggs test and Eggers test detected no visible publication bias for data from pooled studies and disease evaluation. [Saururaceae; Houttuyniae Botanical drug] (255g), Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. 2017ZYY07). Pregnancy & lactation. There was a reduced risk of skin and its appendage damage in the LHQW group compared to the conventional drug group (RR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.440.92, p = 0.015). Inhibitory effects of three prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine on SARS-associated coronavirus, http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2162.R.20200422.1429.002.html. (1990). Yang C.X., Qu J., Liu Y.T., Meng S.W., Wang B.L., Feng M.Q., Sun Y. LHQW had been proven to accelerate the improvement of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) patients, especially for the high-risk subgroup, due to the decreased release of inflammatory mediators including IL-8, TNF- , IL-17, and IL-23 [38]. Experimental study on prevention and treatment of influenza virus FM1 infection in mice by Lianhua Qingwen capsule. In the evaluation of treating disease, significant reduced incidence of adverse reactions during treatment of influenza A (H1N1) and influenza were detected in the LHQW group. Res. Clinical Drug Safety of Lianhuaqingwen Preparation: a Systematic Evaluation. Five studies reported respiratory system damage as an adverse event. *Correspondence: Guoliang Zhang, [email protected], These authors have contributed equally to this work, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.764774, World Health Organization Adverse Drug Reaction Terminology (2009), https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.764774/full#supplementary-material, http://m.news.cctv.com/2020/03/17/ARTIEYQ2aws8fPYWQxjnynzo200317.shtml?from=singlemessage, https://mpns.science.kew.org/mpns-portal/, https://chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxiv/article-details/60c74908ee301c485bc799cf, http://www.yiling.cn/contents/75/132.html. Med. Emerging data have also shown its beneficial effects in treating diverse diseases such as acute respiratory infection, influenza, pneumonia, hand-foot-mouth disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as COVID-19 [[20], [21], [22], [23]]. Kunming: Kunming University of technology. Rev. Am. Recent data indicated that orally administered LHQW capsules (100400mg/kg/day) could alleviate IBV-induced pathological change and decrease the abnormal increased inflammatory cells in lung tissues, but did not reduce the lung viral load and mortality in mice [26]. Notably, the stomach is full after a meal, and LHQW does not directly contact the gastric mucosa, which reduces the risk of irritation of stomach mucous membrane and thus the occurrence of side-effects. Analysis of Clinical Application and Adverse Reactions of Houttuynia Cordata Injection. 6 (01), 6364. Introduction As the global epidemic continues to spread, countries have tapped effective drugs to treat new coronavirus pneumonia. Besides, in view of the definite effects of LHQW in preventing severe viral infections such as SARS and COVID-19 [17,44,45,49,52,53], LHQW may represent a considerable and effective strategy against unknown viral epidemics. Clin. FOIA Among the 13 included studies on treatment of hand-foot-mouth disease, eight reported adverse reactions. 3.2.2. 38 studies reported dispose or outcomes of adverse reactions. Homogeneity of baseline data was reported in most studies. Lianhua Qingwen combined with conventional treatment obviously improved COVID-19. Both Lian-Hua-Qing-Wen Capsule (LHQWC) and Jin-Hua-Qing . [Lamiaceae; 1-Menthol] (7.5g), Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Efficacy and safety of Lianhua Qingwen capsule for influenza: a systematic review. Efficacy and Safety of Lianhua Qingwen Granule Combined with Oseltamivir in the Treatment of Influenza Virus Infection in Children. Several limitations of our meta-analysis should be taken into consideration. In the Philippines, its Food and Drug Administration approved Lianhua Qingwen on 7 August 2020 as a traditional herbal product that helps remove "heat-toxin invasion of the lungs, including symptoms such as fever, aversion to cold, muscle soreness, stuffy and runny nose". Since the outbreak of COVID-19, Lianhua Qingwen Capsules have been recommended by the official Chinese "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID-19" and widely used in designated admission hospitals for COVID-19. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of heart rate and arrhythmia between the LHQW group and the conventional drug group (RR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.231.93, p = 0.454). [5], Sources of its formulation reportedly consist of:[6], The medicine is both in capsule and granular form. Flow chart of the search and selection process. The official monograph of LHQW states that the adverse effects are "unclear". Ding Y., Zeng L., Li R., Chen Q., Zhou B., Chen Q., Cheng P.L., Yutao W., Zheng J., Yang Z., Zhang F. The Chinese prescription Lianhua Qingwen capsule exerts anti-influenza activity through the inhibition of viral propagation and impacts immune function. doi:10.1126/science.367.6485.1412, Lei, X. (Yuxingcao), Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. Dr. Tan says that LianHua QingWen is not advisable for COVID patients who are experiencing a chilling sensation due to the infection. As the Financial Times report showed, these appeared to be serious conflicts of interest as the investments benefited from the PRC and HK governments' rapid approval and then widespread national & international promotion of Lianhua Qingwen and other suspect treatments for purportedly helping COVID-19 sufferers. The LHQW group has a reduced incidence of gastrointestinal system damage than the conventional drug group (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.740.93, p = 0.002). Therefore, further attention should be paid to the occurrence of adverse reaction with LHQW among different age groups in the future. The most common adverse reactions in our analysis were gastrointestinal system damage, skin and its appendage damage. 48 (3), 737762. We observed no significant alteration in the security evaluation indexes of treatment among different diseases. No meta-regression was performed for COVID-19 pneumonia due to the limited number of studies. Guo H., Zhang Q.H., Yang J., Gong J.N., Zhao Y.S., Zhou X.P. This review has introduced the advances of LHQW in anti-viral treatment, intending to provide ideas for the timely treatment of COVID-19 patients. The latest meta-analysis by Fan et al. For rheum, sample size could partially explain heterogeneity (p = 0.005), but not year of publication (p = 0.658) and treatment of the control group (p = 0.712). Anti-viral effects of Lianhua Qingwen capsule against influenza A virus. Currently, the drug has been approved for marketing in 23 countries and regions, including Canada, Russia, Cambodia and Indonesia.

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