list of fringe science theories
In 1937, Jewish scholar Hugh J. Schonfield published a book that suggested the Toledot was older than originally thought and may be the Gospel of the Hebrews. The document has fallen out of popularity but remains a point of controversy in the Christian faith. Should any inconsistency arise between this guideline and the content policies, the policies take precedence. Aside from that, McGovern argues that alcohol consumption was important to our ancestors, mainly because the high sugar content gave them the energy they needed to survive in places with scarce resources. Weve covered Gilles de Raiss horrific crimes too many times already. However, he might have used a metal pole or broomstick. Brooks-Baker also claimed that Queen Elizabeth is related to the Prophet Mohammed. In 2013, a study was published revealing that no physical health effects have been observed among the Japanese public because of the radiation. Claims derived from fringe theories should be carefully attributed to an appropriate source and located within a contexte.g. Sometimes fringe sciences are accepted and become mainstream. In the case of obscure fringe theories, secondary sources that describe the theories should be carefully vetted for reliability. Subjects receive attention in Wikipedia in proportion to the level of detail in the sources from which the article is written. write that "From a media perspective it is evident that controversial science sells, not only because of its dramatic value, but also since it is often connected to high-stake societal issues."[32]. Note, however, that the mainstream scientific subjects are discussed and linked to in both of the above articles about fringe subjects (the Astrology article discusses astronomy, and Autodynamics discusses special relativity). Believers claim that radiation from the plant has spread around the world and is causing negative health concerns and that Fukushima is not experiencing some leaks, but the disaster is an ongoing event like never witnessed before, which might continue for hundreds of years. [2]:172 One example of such is plate tectonics, an idea which had its origin in the fringe science of continental drift and was rejected for decades. We use the term fringe theory in a very broad sense to describe an idea that departs significantly from the prevailing views or mainstream views in its particular field. The secrecy of the shooting has spawned a series of conspiracy theories that say Todashev was assassinated by the FBI in order to keep him quiet about the Boston Marathon bombings. Fomenko also saw Jerusalem as an allegory of either Constantinople, or even ancient Troy. Pseudoscience usually relies on attacking mainstream scientific theories and methodology while lacking a critical discourse itself (as is common among proponents of creation science), relies on weak evidence such as anecdotal evidence or weak statistical evidence (as for example in parapsychology), or indulges a suspect theoretical premise (such as the claims of water memory made by advocates of homeopathy). The connotation of "fringe science" is that the enterprise is rational but is unlikely to produce good results for a variety of reasons, including incomplete or contradictory evidence. Postulated by Azjen (1991)5, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) is a generalized theory of human behavior in the social psychology literature that can be used to study a wide range of individual behaviors. As a member of the French nobility, Gilles de Rais held a huge fortune, including vast tracts of land in Brittany. Upload media. As a result, founders and believers of fringe theories often end up as objects of ridicule. Stanley Meyer's water fuel cell) may be treated as pseudoscience. The threshold for whether a topic should be included in Wikipedia as an article is generally covered by notability guidelines. Well, not all of us, but scientists speculate that early hominids ate magic mushrooms as a regular part of their diet, and by 5000 BCE Sumerians were smoking opium to experience more joy. As we have previously discussed, fringe theories contain premises and ideas that radically differ from the mainstream point of view. Muhammad became the figurehead for the Arabs, the new Chosen People. Additionally, Kalisch states that the Quran itself heavily paralleled the Christian and Jewish texts. Believers adhere to the view that, after the disintegration of ancient Israel, some survivors traveled east and eventually settled in present-day areas of the Middle East, Central Europe, and South and Southeast Asia. The study's findings will open a wide range of researchable topics and will usher in new trends in computer science. We humans have been using drugs in an attempt to access our whole brains for about as long as weve been on this planet. Some people have examined the images of the dead man and suggested flaws, discrepancies, and tampering. We havent perfected this science mainly because it is incredibly controversial and requires so much human testing, but maybe 50 years from now well all be able to pop a pill and have telekinetic and telepathic powers. [2]:178-9, Friedlander suggests that fringe science is necessary so that mainstream science will not atrophy. These theories describe natural law and give ideas how the universe works. The prominence of fringe views needs to be put in perspective relative to the views of the entire encompassing field; limiting that relative perspective to a restricted subset of specialists or only among the proponents of that view is, necessarily, biased and unrepresentative. While a lack of peer-reviewed sources does not automatically mean that the subject should be excluded from Wikipedia, there must be adequate reliable sources to allow the subject to be covered in sufficient detail without engaging in original research. Fringe sources can be used to support text that describes fringe theories provided that such sources have been noticed and given proper context with third-party, independent sources. The strongest argument is that the records of Muhammads exploits, the Quran, and Islam only became known to the rest of the world long after the birth of the religion. In 2002, the Franklin Prophecy was mentioned by Osama Bin Laden in his Letter to the American People. Many aspects of the theory point to a clear forgery and hoax. "There are extreme academic views such as those of Jacques Halbronn, suggesting at great length and with great complexity that Nostradamus's Prophecies are antedated forgeries written by later hands with a political axe to grind." Fittingly, another term for these schools of thought is fringe science one that Gordin prefers, after researching fringe theories since the late 1990s. Remember the Latin Bible? According to this theory, the British arent the only ones descended from the Lost Tribes of Israelthe Japanese are as well. Theory of Planned Behavior. Fringe theories may be excluded from articles about scientific topics when the scientific community has ignored the ideas. 10 Far-Out Theories About Beloved Sitcoms, Top 10 Far-Out Theories About Fan-Favorite Films, 10 Fantastically Elaborate Hoaxes Perpetrated Just, 10 Ways The Watergate Scandal Was Far Worse Than You Realize, Top 10 Ideas That Were Far Ahead Of Their Time, 10 Times When Reality TV Went Too Far - 2020, Top 10 Signs Trigger Warnings Have Gone Too Far, 10 Historical Shoe Rituals and Superstitions You Might Not Know About, 10 Unusual and Incredible Reinterpretations of Classic Artworks, 10 Ancient Fertility Treatments You Wouldnt Want to Use Today, 10 Inventive Ways People Survived Winter Before Electricity, 10 Bleak Facts about Victorian Workhouses, 10 Amazing Archeological Discoveries Made by Dogs, Top 10 Hoarders Who Were Killed By Their Own Hoard, 10 Shocking Cases Of People Who Attended Their Own Funeral, 10 People Who Claimed To Be Time Travelers, Top 10 Everyday Items Removed From The Human Anatomy, 10 Weapons That Backfired In Terrible Ways. The aquatic ape theory states that our ancestors lived a semi-aquatic existence, inhabiting the edges of large bodies of water. Proponents of fringe theories have used Wikipedia as a forum for promoting their ideas. Some other potential causes for the outbreak of allergies in developed countries include infant feeding (formula), overexposure to allergens, and exposure to pollutants. One of the most infamous Mexican drug lords in history, Lazcano was known for his extreme violence, and built an empire of 10,000 gunmen that spread from the Rio Grande into Central America. The more appropriate . Another archaeologist, Patrick McGovern, proposed something far more radical. In 2008, the Briton used an exact replica of a Phoenician ship to successfully circumnavigate the continent. One of his favorite methods was named La Paleta (The Lollipop), in which a victim would be stripped naked and brutally beaten with a board. All of it backed up by resource, experiments and information. Simply including such a statement in the lead or in a section on scientific evaluation of Bigfoot claims is potentially misleading, non-neutral, and lacking in verifiability. Perspectives which advocate non-scientific or pseudoscientific religious claims intended to directly confront scientific discoveries should be evaluated on both a scientific and a theological basis, with acknowledgment of how the most reliable sources consider the subjects. Inquiries far outside of mainstream science, strategies for engineered negligible senescence, List of topics characterized as pseudoscience, "Distinguishing Science from Pseudoscience", "Two Scientists Jailed; Pair Sentenced in Maine in Sale of 'Accumulators', "THE RESURRECTION OF WILHELM REICH AND ORGONE THERAPY", "Fantastically Wrong: Why Is the Sky Blue? Scientists must evaluate the plausibility of each new fringe claim, and certain fringe discoveries "will later graduate into the ranks of accepted" while others "will never receive confirmation". It has since been dismissed because of lack of evidence. 1Identifying fringe theories Toggle Identifying fringe theories subsection 1.1Spectrum of fringe theories 1.1.1Pseudoscience 1.1.2Questionable science 1.1.3Alternative theoretical formulations 2Sourcing Toggle Sourcing subsection 2.1Reliable sources 2.2Independent sources 2.3Parity of sources 2.4Attribution 2.4.1Quotations For example, the lives of the Israeli kingsSaul, David, and Solomonbecame known in Japanese history as those of emperors Chiuai, Sujin, and Suinin. Specifically theories that didn't start out as a scientific/STEM discovery. He then used the videos to create the 1995 documentary titled Spin. But is all of this true? Lazcano was a highly skilled military technician and received training in jungle and urban warfare. Critics of the theory say that it is based on highly speculative amateur research and lacks any substantial basis, while believers continue to focus on the historical linguistics of certain place names and scriptural interpretations of historical text. "An electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton.". A fringe theory is an idea or a viewpoint which differs from the accepted scholarship of the time within its field. When a mechanism was discovered through plate tectonics, it became mainstream. Activation Theory Actor-Observer Difference Affect Infusion Model Affect Perseverance Aggression Ambiguity effect Amplification Hypothesis Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic Anticipatory Regret see Regret Theory Appraisal Theory Attachment Theory Attachment Style Attitude Attitude-Behavior Consistency Attribution Theory Automatic Believing The hygiene hypothesis is a theory that says children in developed countries may be more susceptible to allergic diseases because of a lack of exposure to certain infectious agents, which has caused a problem with the natural development of the immune systems. . It was also initially claimed that he threatened the officers with a knife, gun, or sword, but these reports were later dismissed. Reliable sources on Wikipedia may include peer-reviewed journals; books published by university presses; university-level textbooks; magazines, journals, and books published by respected publishing houses; and mainstream newspapers. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The Magna Carta is considered a forebear of the Constitution of the United States. 30 Interesting Scientific Theories: Whereas Illigs hypothesis drops approximately 300 years off the calendar, Fomenko asserts that 1,100 years of history have been a total sham, thanks to the machinations of churchmen in the 15th and 16th centuries. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. In addition, there is an approximate demarcation between pseudoscience and questionable science, and they merit careful treatment. Wikipedia is neither a publisher of original thought nor a soapbox for self-promotion and advertising. However, ideas should not be excluded from the encyclopedia simply because they are widely held to be wrong. Munich Personal RePEc Archive The Search for New Drugs: A Theory of RD in the Pharmaceutical Industry Khazabi, Massoud and Quyen, Nguyen University of Ottawa 1 September 2010 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39462/ MPRA Paper No. In late October 1948, something strange happened in Donora, Pennsylvania. Proposals that are generally considered pseudoscience by the scientific community, such as astrology, may properly contain that information and may be categorized as pseudoscience. Articles about hypotheses that have a substantial following but which critics describe as pseudoscience, may note those critics' views; however, such hypotheses should not be described as unambiguously pseudoscientific if a reasonable amount of academic debate still exists. Quotes that are controversial or potentially misleading need to be properly contextualized to avoid unintentional endorsement or deprecation. Some believe that the ancient Phoenicians were the first people to ever successfully set sail to the Americas, allegedly reaching the east coast of Central America more than 2,000 years before Columbus. But the public is ignorant of the fact that "As science progresses from ignorance to understanding it must pass through a transitional phase of confusion and uncertainty. Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. [2] For writers and editors of Wikipedia articles to write about controversial ideas in a neutral manner, it is of vital importance that they simply restate what is said by independent secondary sources of reasonable reliability and quality. Supporters of this idea state that the Phoenicians certainly had the means to carry out transatlantic voyages. In August 2013, the Japanese government announced that Fukushima had experienced a massive leak of radiation-contaminated water. The book says that Jesus was an illegitimate child who practiced heretic activities and died a shameful death. In 1783, a book titled The United States Elevated to Glory and Honor was published, suggesting that similarities exist between the United States and Israel. Acceptance of new science can come slowly. They found that coins, monuments, and other artifacts of that period barely mention anything about Muhammad and Islam. Later on, he claimed that the followers of a mysterious figure named Severus Archontius (an allusion to Frederick II of the Holy Roman Empire) perpetrated these false documents. The pop science audience is in millions and you can't assume they all have similar opinions. See Wikipedia:Fringe theories/Arbitration cases. One of the first people to propose the theory was David P. Strachan in an article published in the British Medical Journal in 1989. One publication has even speculated that the hygiene hypothesis could be responsible for autism. One important barometer for determining the notability and level of acceptance of fringe ideas related to science, history or other academic pursuits is the presence or absence of peer-reviewed research on the subject. Despite the evidence, many people in Mexico have suspected that Heriberto Lazcano is still alive. Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano was the leader of the Los Zetas drug cartel until his death in a shootout with police on October 7, 2012. Fringe theories and related articles have been the subject of several arbitration cases. Fringe science is a branch of science that departs from the established scientific theories. This hypothesis was started in the 19th century by Karl Bahrdt, Karl Venturini, and a handful of other theologians. Fringe views are properly excluded from articles on mainstream subjects to the extent that they are rarely if ever included by reliable sources on those subjects. On October 27, residents noticed a thick, yellowish, and acrid smog cloud hovering over the city. Bio weaponization is nothing new. To back up this claim, proponents state that the narrative of ancient Japanese history essentially mirrors the Jewish one. fringe science. According to Fomenko, Jesus Christ Himself lived during this period, and it was His death that sparked the Crusades. Efforts of fringe-theory inventors to promote their theories, such as the offering of self-published material as references, are unacceptable: Wikipedia is not an advertising venue. McGovern adds that our ancestorsdespite not knowing chemistrywere perfectly capable of manufacturing beer through constant experimentation. The theory is known as the most royal candidate hypothesis. Since that time, the theory has been heavily investigated in the study of allergic disorders. Examples of unreliable journals include, but are not limited to: the Creation Research Society Quarterly, Homeopathy, and the Journal of Frontier Science (which uses blog comments[8] as its supposed peer review). She describes all of them as trying to make sense of the world using the scientific method, but in the face of not being able to understand the complex theories of modern science. If youve read the story about Jesuss tomb being in Japanor about the crazy cult that believes that the ancient Japanese taught the Jews to speak Hebrewthen you probably know where this is going. A fringe theory is an idea that departs from the mainstream view. The fringe theory says that the meltdown is the largest nuclear disaster in history and dwarfs the Chernobyl accident. Using a method he called empirico-statistical analysis, Fomenko arrived at the conclusion that ancient history was really just a distorted version of Medieval events. Wikipedia is meant to be a tertiary source of information, summarizing the information gleaned from secondary sources, and in some cases from primary sources. Fringe theories that oppose reliably sourced researchdenialist histories, for exampleshould be described clearly within their own articles, but should not be given undue weight in more general discussions of the topic. . Carlson's show gave many Fox News viewers what they wanted, she said, including false claims about the 2020 election, COVID vaccines and the Jan. 6 Capitol insurrection, as well as smears against. Pseudoscience generally proposes changes in the basic laws of nature to allow some phenomenon which the supporters want to believe occurs, but lack the strong scientific evidence or rigour that would justify such major changes. After His death, He escaped the tomb on His own or with the help of His disciples. [30], As Donald E. Simanek asserts, "Too often speculative and tentative hypotheses of cutting edge science are treated as if they were scientific truths, and so accepted by a public eager for answers." Almost immediately, they started to complain of respiratory distress and illness. Some historical ideas that are considered to have been refuted by mainstream science are: Relatively recent fringe sciences include: Some theories that were once rejected as fringe science, but were eventually accepted as mainstream science, are: Michael W. Friedlander has suggested some guidelines for responding to fringe science, which, he argues, is a more difficult problem[2]:174 than scientific misconduct. The radiation cloud will continue to move around the world for decades, while the Pacific Ocean will be polluted by the complete failure of the power plant. It has been estimated that the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster released approximately one-tenth of the radiation of the Chernobyl accident. Unlike pseudo-science, it still uses the scientific method, but is highly speculative. A conjecture that has not received critical review from the scientific community or that has been rejected may be included in an article about a scientific subject only if other high-quality reliable sources discuss it as an alternative position. Yet. The shooting has outraged many people, and the FBI has blocked all attempts to view autopsy reports because the case is still under investigation. By the same token, the purpose of Wikipedia is not to offer originally synthesized prose "debunking" notable ideas which the scientific community may consider to be absurd or unworthy. For example, the lack of peer-reviewed criticism of creation science should not be used as a justification for marginalizing or removing scientific criticism of creation science, since creation science itself is not published in peer-reviewed journals. Sufficiently notable for dedicated articles: Not sufficiently notable for dedicated articles: Just because an idea is not accepted by most experts does not mean it should be removed from Wikipedia. Proposals that, while purporting to be scientific, are obviously bogus may be so labeled and categorized as such without more justification. Examples of the latter include pseudoscience (ideas that purport to . Brian Springer is a television director who promotes the fringe theory that a select group of US politicians, journalists, and television personalities have been using the media to sway public opinion and deceive the American populace. Ideas that are of borderline or minimal notability may be mentioned in Wikipedia, but should not be given undue weight.
