words to describe bob cratchit

In a blur, Scrooge runs into the street and offers to pay the first boy he meets a huge sum to deliver a great Christmas turkey to Bob Cratchit's. Upon meeting one of them on the street after his visitations, he promises to make lavish donations to help the poor. You'll also receive an email with the link. Omissions? Fezziwig was renowned for his wonderful Christmas parties. at the top of his lungs. Four of the best book quotes from Bob Cratchit 01 Share "Mr. Scrooge!" said Bob; "I'll give you Mr. Scrooge, the Founder of the Feast!" "The Founder of the Feast indeed!" cried Mrs. Cratchit, reddening. SparkNotes PLUS A gold Pound (Sovereign) today from 1843 has melt value of $425 in gold and cost about $600 to purchase and a US $5 gold coin slightly higher value ($4.85 USD buys a gold pound). Bob is kind and generous . You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at [email protected]. Bob Cratchit is depicted as wearing a long ''comforter'', or scarf, to try to stay warm at work. Okay, okay, Charlie. Refine any search. Bob Cratchit overhears Scrooge's nephew argue that Christmas has many benefits, and before he realizes it, Cratchit applauds the nephew's words. He works for Ebenezer Scrooge and he is quite loyal to his employer despite the fact that Scrooge is an irritable cheapskate. Is Dickens laying it on a bit thick here with Bob and the gang? Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. Bob's oldest son, who inherits his father's stiff-collared shirt for Christmas. So he tries to warm himself as best he can without angering Scrooge. Scrooge, feigning disgust, begins to scold Bob, before suddenly announcing his plans to give Cratchit a large raise and assist his troubled family. (one code per order). Main characters Ebenezer Scrooge Bob Cratchit Scrooge's nephew, Fred Secondary characters The Ghost of Christmas Past The Ghost of Christmas Present The Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come Tiny Tim. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. The spirit then takes Scrooge to the meager home of Bob Cratchit, where Mrs. Cratchit and her children prepare a Christmas goose and savor the few Christmas treats they can afford. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Sometimes it can end up there. The visiting spirits have shown Scrooge how miserable his life is, and Scrooge knows that he will die a lonely death unless he is willing to change. Dont have an account? "dismal little cell" "returned them" "to the founder of the feast - Mr Scrooge" "I should like to say a few words to my clerk" 3+ Words to Describe Bob cratchit - Adjectives For Bob cratchit Describing Words examples: nose , winter , blue eyes , woman Here are some adjectives for bob cratchit trusting and thankful, trusting, poor. Dont have an account? He obeys Scrooge's rules and is timid about asking to go home to his family early on Christmas Eve. Scrooge's nephew, a genial man who loves Christmas. Special thanks to the contributors of the open-source mongodb which was used in this project. Bob obviously behaves as if he loves Tiny Tim with all of his heart and fears he may be taken from him by his illness. Continue to start your free trial. | Bob Cratchit's young son, crippled from birth. creating and saving your own notes as you read. | The narrator concludes the story by saying that Scrooge's words and thoughts should be shared by of all of us "and so, as Tiny Tim observed, God bless us, Every one!". to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. $24.99 Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! ", The narrator gently mocks their enthusiasm at the Cratchit's house. Please note that Describing Words uses third party scripts (such as Google Analytics and advertisements) which use cookies. He even takes an interest in Tiny Tim, who has not died as the spirit predicted, and becomes like "a second father" to the boy. "I wish I had him here. for a customized plan. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Very Quiet" and the children are "as still as statues". Please wait while we process your payment. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. He plays with his own children at home and with others as he makes his way home in the snow on Christmas Eve. The following morning, Scrooge arrives at the office early and assumes a very stern expression when Bob Cratchit enters eighteen and a half minutes late. Discount, Discount Code Or, to put another way, they stop being figures of pity and become walking jokes. At the end Scrooge gives him a rise in wages and actively tries to help his family. $24.99 Learn about the character Bob Cratchit from the story ''A Christmas Carol''. Marley died seven years before the narrative opens. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Marley hopes to save his old partner from suff ering a similar fate. succeed. sudden appearance, to show him what will happen if scrooge doesn't change. on 50-99 accounts. , Can someone pls mark my paragraph for my english lit , Tiny Tim is portrayed sentimentally throughout the novella, and Dickens frames him as an innocent, angelic being with his narrative comment: "Spirit of Tiny Tim, thy childish essence was from God! Bob is stunned, but Scrooge promises to stay . for a customized plan. 20% to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. Bob Cratchit is the epitome of poverty, and Dickens uses him to demonstrate the damaging effects of greed. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. What Happens to Bob Cratchit in A Christmas Carol? As the story begins, Cratchit is hard at work in Scrooge's accounting office on Christmas Eve. He invites Scrooge to his Christmas party each and every year, only to be refused by his grumpy uncle. Scrooge is able to see inside the Cratchit home thanks to the spirits who are sent by Jacob Marley's ghost. The names Ebenezer, Jacob Marley and Bob Cratchit . We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Bob hopes to secure a good job for Peter, who will then help provide income for the struggling Cratchit family. Here, we see that Bob Cratchit is able to find joy despite the rather grim circumstances of his life. (3.85). (A milliner is a person who designs, produces, and sells hats.). state how the ghost of Christmas present is seen as welcoming, what is the ghost of Christmas present surrounded by, what does the ghost of Christmas present carry, a burning torch filled with incense Want 100 or more? He further shocks the Cratchits by giving Bob a substantial raise and acting as a second father to Tiny . Scrooge is unhappy despite his material wealth, while Bob Cratchit is happy in spite of his poverty. Or is this a moving way to give a glimpse into poor life? Knowing what you do about Bob Cratchit, continue his story beyond the pages of Dickens's classic novel. In the novella, Scrooge is visited by three spirits who convince him to turn from his cantankerous ways and embrace the joy and hope of Christmas. Cratchit is Scrooge's overworked employee, a timid man afraid to stand up to his boss's demanding ways. While playing around with word vectors and the "HasProperty" API of conceptnet, I had a bit of fun trying to get the adjectives which commonly describe a word. CircleAndTriangle A Christmas Carol Uncategorized April 26, 2018 9 Minutes. This makes his grief at losing him even sadder for the reader - "Bob's voice was tremulous when he told them this, and trembled even more when he told them that Tiny Tim was growing strong and hearty". If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. Complete each sentence with the appropriate pronombre de complemento directo. Contact us In the beginning Bob is poorly paid and maltreated. Bob Cratchit is a poor man with a large family in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens. The Cratchits have six children. Here, the narrator describes the moment Bob Cratchit closes up shop, excited to celebrate Christmas Eve. After Ebenezer Scrooge is visited by the ghosts of Christmas past, present, and future, he resolves to place people above material possessions. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? Scrooge believes one can only be happy with wealth, but ironically, he remains miserable despite his wealth. ', state a quote that shows scrooge is a changed man, 'I am as light as a feather, as happy as an angel, as merry as a schoolboy', state a quote to show scrooge is tight fisted, 'oh! The weather is a metaphor for Scrooge's behaviour, 3 adjectives to describe the ghost of Christmas present, what does the ghost of Christmas present show scrooge, Christmas at the cratchits and a party at Freds. Despite Scrooge's protest at having Christmas day off, Bob still shows forgiveness when he proclaims "Mr Scrooge, the Founder of the feast! Scrooge is so stingy that Bob Cratchit is forced to work in his office with only a small fire for warmth because Scrooge will only provide him with a small amount of coal. "Present is wearing a simple green robe. :). He is a poor man who is supporting his large family on the pittance he earns from his employment at Scrooge's London "counting-house", or accounting firm. These held the hot stuff from the jug, however, as well as golden goblets would have done; and Bob served it out with beaming looks, while the chestnuts on the fire sputtered and cracked noisily.". Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Here's the list of words that can be used to describe another word: As you've probably noticed, adjectives for "term" are listed above. You can sort the descriptive words by uniqueness or commonness using the button above. Mrs. Cratchit said that now the weight was off her mind, she would confess she had had her doubts about the quantity of flour. April 30, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. If anyone wants to do further research into this, let me know and I can give you a lot more data (for example, there are about 25000 different entries for "woman" - too many to show here). Mrs. Cratchit in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens | Character & Analysis, A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens | Characters, Quotes, & Analysis, Tiny Tim in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens | Character & Quotes, Jacob Marley in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens | Summary & Significance, Ghost of Christmas Future in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens | Summary & Analysis, A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens: Stave 5 | Summary & Analysis, Ebenezer Scrooge in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens | Character & Traits, Ghost of Christmas Present in A Christmas Carol | Characteristics & Interpretation, A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens: Stave 4 | Summary & Analysis, Symbolism in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens | Overview & Analysis, A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens: Stave 2 | Summary & Quotes, A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens: Stave 1 | Summary & Analysis, Personification in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens | Examples & Analysis, A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens | Background & Facts, A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens | Genres & Analysis, Common Core ELA - Literature Grades 11-12: Standards, Praxis English Language Arts - Content & Analysis (5039): Practice & Study Guide, College English Composition: Help and Review, Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare: Study Guide, The Lion, the Witch & the Wardrobe Study Guide, Georgia Milestones - 9th Grade Literature & Composition EOC: Test Prep & Practice, Create an account to start this course today. The miserly owner of a London counting-house, a nineteenth century term for an accountant's office. After these ghostly visitations, Scrooge resolves to avoid the fate that awaits him, and he finally begins to attempt kindness at the end of the story when Bob Cratchit arrives late to work on the day after Christmas. Two tumblers, and a custard-cup without a handle. He asks them to behave towards each other as Tiny Tim always did. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! There's a reason for this, of course. Cratchit says she doesn't understand how her husband can act so grateful to that miser. The search box should be a simple word or phrase, like "tiger" or "blue eyes". Cratchit works in a cold office with only one coal for heat, and Scrooge watches Cratchit's every move in the office. Continue to start your free trial. Also check out. The following morning, Scrooge arrives at the office early and assumes a very stern expression when Bob Cratchit enters eighteen and a half minutes late. Bob Cratchit's wife is not given a first name in the novella; she is simply referred to as Mrs. Cratchit. Bob Cratchit is a fictional character in the Charles Dickens 1843 novel A Christmas Carol. him good. He walks with a crutch and has 'his limbs supported by an iron frame'. This short closing Stave provides an optimistic and upbeat conclusion to the story, showing the new Ebenezer Scrooge starting off his new life with a comic display of happiness and Christmas cheer. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at [email protected]. If a gold pound is today $600 then a penny is $2.50 USD and a shilling is $30. Eventually I realised that there's a much better way of doing this: parse books! Character overview Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Discount, Discount Code Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! In this activity, students will connect passages from Dickens's novel with the elements of Bob Cratchit's character explored in the lesson. Bob Cratchit attempts to provide himself some warmth at the very small fire provided by the "candle" but "failed", emphasising how the very little support, good will and generosity Scrooge provides Bob with, and the lack of support and generosity victorian society provides in general, means that Bob is unable to aquire the goodwill and generosity he needs from society to survive, highlighting . Bob Cratchit. Bob's oldest daughter, who works in a milliner's shop. and walk with me!" -Graham S. The timeline below shows where the character Bob Cratchit appears in. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. Oh, a wonderful pudding! In addition, Bob Cratchit has a large family to support. Dickens depicts him in tattered clothing, although Cratchit makes sure his clothes are clean and mended. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Despite the poor working conditions, Bob cannot afford to lose his job as he has a family to support. It would have been flat heresy to do so. Bob Cratchit is Scrooge's clerk and works in unpleasant conditions without complaint. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Struggling with distance learning? The patriarch of a family poor in wealth but rich in love, he cares especially dearly for his crippled son, Tiny Tim. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. He meets one of the portly gentlemen who earlier sought charity for the poor and apologizes for his previous rudeness, promising to donate huge sums of money to the poor. From the visiting ghosts, Ebenezer Scrooge realizes that his life has no meaning. what are the consequences for Marleys ghost due to his greed? The Cratchit family has been described as "impoverished, hardworking, and warmhearted". what is the word used to describe the younger cratchitshouses for rent in sandfields port talbot Integer ut molestie odio, a viverra ante. Though treated harshly by his boss, Cratchit remains a humble and dedicated employee. When Scrooge informs him that he resents having to give him a paid day off from work at Christmas, Bob simply smiles. Stave Two: The First of the Three Spirits, Stave Three: The Second of the Three Spirits, Charles Dickens and A Christmas Carol Background. Also check out ReverseDictionary.org and RelatedWords.org. Bob knows that if he replenishes his fire, Scrooge will threaten to terminate his job. Cratchit's son, Tiny Tim, is crippled and sick;[1] according to the Ghost of Christmas Present, Tim will die because the family is too poor to give him the treatment he needs. Bob Cratchit's young son, crippled from birth. The Circumlocution Office 2022-10-07T17:49:07+01:00 Categories: A Christmas Carol | Tags: Food | A member of the Dickens Fellowship, Bryan has written on Dickens' life and legacy for Slate, Country Life magazine, and Anglotopia. Scrooge wakes up with a new, joyful outlook on life, grateful for a second chance. Say what you will about Dickens's many, many strong suits, but subtle characterization? Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. 40 lessons for a group? (one code per order). I'd give him a piece of my mind to feast upon, and I hope he'd have a good appetite for it." Charles Dickens author The oldest daughter, Martha, returns from her job at a milliner's. The oldest son, Peter, wears a stiff-collared shirt, a hand-me-down from his father. Dickens idealises the Cratchits so that his readers are more likely to sympathise with them than if they were realistic and flawed, Bob is very close to his children, especially Tiny Tim. Knowing the wages his clerk and his family subsist on, he thinks the poor man crazy. He attends Fred's Christmas party and radiates such heartfelt bliss that the other guests can hardly manage to swallow their shock at his surprising behavior. 3 people picking through dead mans things The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Not really up there in the top five. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. The jovial merchant with whom the young Scrooge apprenticed. name 3 words to describe Bob Cratchit. In a Christmas Yet to Come, Tiny Tim has just died. Dickens's purpose in creating this character may be to contrast Bob's good nature with the ill-natured Scrooge. Cratchit is the father of Tiny Tim, a disabled child who has inherited his father's positive attitude. Scrooge relegates his clerk Bob Cratchit to a minimal fire, expecting Cratchit to work while cold. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% Teachers and parents! Subscribe now. Contact us Fred himself attributes his behavior to the Christmas spirit, which he wishes to honor. He is a man who cannot get ahead even though he is a diligent worker. Bob is stunned, but Scrooge promises to stay true to his word. [] Everybody had something to say about it, but nobody said or thought it was at all a small pudding for a large family. Tiny Tim ( A Christmas Carol) Timothy "Tiny Tim" Cratchit is a fictional character from the 1843 novella A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. The children "danced about the table" and even the potatoes are personified as knocking on the lid of the saucepan to be "let out and peeled". Passage 1: ''Then up rose Mrs. Cratchit, Cratchit's wife, dressed out but poorly in a twice-turned gown, but brave in ribbons, which are cheap and make a goodly show for sixpence; and she laid the cloth, assisted by Belinda Cratchit, second of her daughters, also brave in ribbons; while Master Peter Cratchit plunged a fork into the saucepan of potatoes, and getting the corners of his monstrous shirt collar (Bob's private property, conferred upon his son and heir in honour of the day) into his mouth, rejoiced to find himself so gallantly attired, and yearned to show his linen in the fashionable Parks'' (67). Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. You can view our. Purchasing This tool helps you find adjectives for things that you're trying to describe. Renews May 7, 2023 Dont have an account? Scrooge even gives Bob Cratchit a raise and indicates that he is now willing to provide enough coal to keep the office warm. questions with an angry good afternoon! Fred leaves kindly and on his way out wishes, magic ability to fit into any space, despite his giant size, and as they enter. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). All rights reserved. Free trial is available to new customers only. The family is happy despite their circumstances, however. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Scrooge refuses to give him additional coal for the fire, and even threatens to fire Cratchit if he tries to obtain more coal from Scrooge. Bob is very close to his children, especially Tiny Tim. for a group? turns images of Christmas into images of violence, 'No warmth could warm, no wintry weather chill him' Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Ace your assignments with our guide to A Christmas Carol! To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. With these words, Bob shows his mature side as his familys leader and guideeven in grief he tries to keep his family committed both to loving each other and to doing right. Hopefully the above generated list of words to describe term suits your needs. Bob Cratchit said, and calmly too, that he regarded it as the greatest success achieved by Mrs. Cratchit since their marriage. You'll also receive an email with the link. To learn more, see the privacy policy. Bob Cratchit, like nearly everyone else except Scrooge, is excited about the holiday. The British Pound was fixed at $4.85 USD until 1915. 3 adjectives to describe scrooge BEFORE he changes, 3 adjectives to describe scrooge AFTER he changes, 'no could warm, no weather could chill him! Scrooge claims that the clerk, Bob Cratchit, would certainly think himself "ill-used" if Scrooge refused to pay him for the day. Mrs. the lovely smell and how lucky they are. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. Pay: It is remarked by Scrooge that he pays 1/2 crown (2.5 shillings, 30 Pence) a day, 6 days a week. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! The religious language suggests he has a sacrificial function - he dies to make Scrooge see the error of his ways. Cratchit likely eschews new clothes so he can better provide for his large family. ', how does scrooge show generosity towards the cratchits in stave 5, he buys a turkey for them on Christmas day, how many years before the novel was set did Marley die, when does Marleys ghost appear to scrooge, state 3 adjectives to describe what Marley was like in life, Transparent, chains around him, jaw bound up, state a quote to show how Marley is exhausted, 'I cannot rest, I cannot stay. A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens is the story of a greedy man named Ebenezer Scrooge. There's a reason for this, of course. The Cratchits benefit from Scrooge's change of heart, with Bob Cratchit, up till now a member of the working poor, receiving a raise and enough coal to finally stay warm in his office. tries to maintain authority over his own senses, "Every idiot who goes about with 'Merry Christmas' on his lips, should be boiled with his own pudding, and buried with a stake of holly through his heart." (one code per order). How would you paraphrase the first two lines in a way that emphasizes their irony? He sends a turkey to the Cratchits and gives Bob a raise, atoning for his previous bitterness toward his clerk in Stave One. The reader reflects on the lack of parental affection in Scrooges childhood. At home, Bob Cratchit is depicted as a loving husband and father. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like good natured, busy and works hard to make her family happy, drink to his health, hides her 'weak eyes' from bob and is strong for him as she doesnt want to add to his worries of working for scrooge and more. Mdelo: Voy a comprar una revista y la voy a leer. The way the content is organized. I may look into fixing this in the future. Scrooge threatens to fire him immediately. SparkNotes PLUS Scrooge pretends that he is about to scold him, but Cratchit is taken aback when Scrooge announces, "I'll raise your salary, and endeavour to assist your struggling family, and we will discuss your affairs this very afternoon, over a Christmas bowl of smoking bishop, Bob! Bob Cratchit struggles to care for his family, and the portions at the Cratchit dinner table are small. Bob Cratchit as a loving family man who makes the best of his circumstances. Readers learn that Scrooge pays Cratchit only 15 shillings a week. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. Sometimes it can end up there. Be altruistic and generous! He escorts Scrooge on a tour of his contemporaries' Holiday celebrations. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% Belle broke off their engagement after Scrooge became consumed with greed and the lust for wealth. You can view our. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Like her husband, Mrs. Cratchit is a pleasant and happy person. Scrooge's door is open so he can keep a constant vigil on the clerk. Scrooge has a small fire for warmth, but Cratchit's fire is even smaller. Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. He has a young child with a disability and other children to support as well. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. Bob has larger concerns for his family, however, particularly regarding his son Tiny Tim. 500+ for comfortable living as a gentleman. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. creating and saving your own notes as you read. You might also like some words related to ~term~ (and find more here). --conveys perfectly the fellow feeling and good cheer to which Scrooge awakens as his story unfolds and that A Christmas Carol so vehemently celebrates. Renews May 7, 2023 He does not seem to notice or care about his obvious poverty as long as he can celebrate Christmas with his family. This provides a stark contrast to the family in stave 4, who are now "Quiet. On the other hand, Scrooge represents materialism to such an extent that he hates the holiday for usurping a day that he would like to devote to moneymaking. Dickens continues to emphasize Bob Cratchit's poverty throughout the story. Wed love to have you back! Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! This makes his grief at losing him even sadder for the reader - "Bob's voice was tremulous when he told . Tiny Tim has a withered hand and requires crutches to walk. Ace your assignments with our guide to A Christmas Carol! state a quote that shows Bob Cratchit is maltreated by scrooge 'the clerks fire was so very much smaller' state a quote that shows Bob Cratchit is grateful on Christmas Day for his familys meal Scrooge does as he promises. Subscribe now. 20% But he was a tight fisted hand at the grindstone', state a quote that shows Scrooge denies the existence of Marleys ghost, 'you may be an undigested bit of beef, a blot of mustard, a crumb of cheese! Purchasing Youve successfully purchased a group discount. Scrooge, his employer, keeps the door between them open so he can watch Cratchit at all times. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? We know the plot, the catch phrases, the every "bah, humbugs!" like the back of our hands. Bob knows that if he replenishes his fire, Scrooge will threaten to terminate his job. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. It would have been flat heresy to do so. Once Scrooge determines that he will try to develop meaningful relationships with his acquaintances, he turns his attention to the Cratchit family. For example, Bob Cratchit, Ebenezer Scrooge's clerk, incarnates the poor. No one complains about the small portions because all the Cratchits enjoy Christmas as much as Bob does. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Amy has taught and tutored college-level English; she has a master's degree from Colorado State University in rhetoric and composition.

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