eeio emission factors

EPA's supply chain GHG emission factors are based on US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output models and are presented in emissions per dollar of spend. The Service Annual Survey (SAS) from the US Census Bureau provides estimates of revenue and expenditure data for most traditional service industries21, and is used in the disaggregation of the waste management industries (i.e., Use table columns). In v2.0, the USDA CoA land in farms data are used as an allocation source, rather than as a primary data source. Any of these matrices, used together with its respective domestic matrix, can be used to divide the values between those occurring in the US and those in the rest of the world, by taking the difference of a result with the domestic model and the full model, as in Eq. For v2.0, the USD year of the model is the same as the IO data, 2012 USD. Two such tools have been developed thus far: (1) A National Tool appropriate for federal agencies, trade associations, and non-governmental organizations needing an overall, big picture view of U.S. sustainability; and (2) an Organizational Tool that provides sustainability and procurement professionals with a the ability to produce targeted sustainability snapshots in support of their enterprises and organizations. This paper describes the development of the model and accompanies the release of a full model dataset as well as various supporting datasets of national environmental totals by US industry. The Sector Crosswalk can be used to identify a NAICS code associated with a USEEIO code, and tools like the Census NAICS code search75 can be used to identify NAICS codes associated with the purchase. The relative contribution, rc of a flow, f, to an impact intensity coefficient from N for a given indicator, n, can be calculated using Eq. The decrease is more notable in electricity and transportation sectors. zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5557895 (2021). Direct releases from this industry remain fairly consistent from the prior model. The Water_national_2015_m1 model differs from the Water Use Satellite table compiled for v1.13 in several ways. The US Economic Census (EC), published by the US Census Bureau, provides economic data for all sectors of the US economy and is used to estimate industry consumption of the disaggregated waste management commodities (i.e., Use table rows)20. Generally, NAICS codes are published by the Census Bureau at five levels of detail: 2- to 6-digit, but such hierarchy is not fully disclosed in the table for each BEA-NAICS correspondence, which makes the correspondence incomplete. This data is more complete than the flows reported by hazardous waste shippers, and so is preferred for the waste disaggregation. Emissions (carbon intensity) associated with fuel combustion. The composite score for the rankings are calculated as a sum of fractions of sector impact relative to total impact across all sectors by each selected indicator, and then this fraction for a sector was summed across all indicators. When no additional data is available, the satellite flows are disaggregated based on the total economic throughput of the disaggregated sectors. Emissions of pesticides from agricultural activities are excluded from this dataset as they are captured in the pesticides table. Scope 3 emission sources include emissions both upstream and downstream of the organizations activities. The satellite tables contain the resource use and environmental releases mapped to the original Waste Services and Remediation Services sector. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524319 (2021). Edelen, A., Hottle, T., Cashman, S. & Ingwersen, W. The federal LCA commons elementary flow list: Background, approach, description and recommendations for use. This suggests that trade flows between the disaggregated sectors is an important component of the aggregate sectors input, and its disaggregation was previously discussed. Improvements in modeling national totals of industry and environmental flows are described. Red text indicates an update from the 2018 version of this document. USEEIO v2.0 is an environmental-economic model of US goods and services that can be used for life cycle assessment, footprinting, national prioritization, and related applications. Technol. Mineral commodity summary 2014. https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/prd-wret/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2014.pdf (U.S. Geological Survey, 2014). U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524312 (2021). To relate the environmental and employment data to the IO data, Eqs. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. The practical guidance below provides further suggestions on calculating scope 3 emissions. developed the methodology and software programming in flowsa for the air, water and soil releases, integrated environmental data and indicators in useeior, and wrote the associated sections of the manuscript. Facts and figures. Report No. For example, the Solid waste collection subsector received approximately $21 billion in receipts from the Business firms and farms customer class. Ingwersen, W., Li, M. & Meyer, D. Commercial Waste National Totals by NAICS and US Satellite Tables for USEEIO. This report describes the preparation of those factors with a background on the modeling associated with this preparation, and presents extensive analysis of the factors, including supporting equations and results in two appendices. EPA/600/R-20/001 https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?Lab=CESER&dirEntryId=349324 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2020). Two matrices are provided that enable price adjustments in the model coefficient matrices (B, D, M, or N). Young, B. et al. Emissions from purchased goods and services and capital goods, referred to as Scope 3 emissions in the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Scope 3 Accounting and Reporting Standard, represent a significant emissions source for many organizations. For the disaggregation procedure, we assume that each disaggregated industry only produces its own disaggregated commodity; in other words, there is no off-diagonal production of waste management services in the intersection. The increase in impact intensity for Museums, historical sites, zoos and parks is explained by accounting for national parks in land use v2.0, whereas previously land for national parks was excluded. Ingwersen, W., Yang, Y., Gilkey, K. & Li, M. USEEIOv1.1 - Satellite Tables. A rough estimate will suffice, but if that is not possible, then proceed to step 2 to estimate emissions. Scope 3 emissions are the result of activities from assets not owned or controlled by the reporting organization, but that the organization indirectly affects in its value chain. In v2.0, these data sources are used to allocate MLU land use categories to relevant sectors. The relative contribution, rc of a commodity, c, to an impact intensity coefficient from N for a given indicator, n, can be calculated using Eq. The result is available in the National Point Source Releases to Water By Industry 2017 v1.1 dataset34. If not, default heat contents are provided. Industrial water withdrawals in v1.1 were calculated by scaling Canadian water withdrawals for manufacturing by US GDP. The GHG Protocol provides two resources to help organizations estimate scope 3 emissions: For financial institutions, The Global GHG Accounting and Reporting Standard for the Financial Industry, published by the Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials, offers specific guidance on calculating scope 3, category 15 (investments) emissions. The values in P are commodity-specific deflation ratios where a value of Pc,y is a ratio of model USD:year y USD for commodity c. Values in P are prepared with Eq. The commodity is allocated proportionate to the allocation percentages used for the 562111, 562212, 562213, and 562920 sectors in the Use table row (commodity) totals. Rev. Chemical releases to ground are sourced from the Toxic Release Inventory, the same source as used in v1.2. Google Scholar. The literature assessing the environmental impacts of household consumption is mostly focused on developed economies, thus, leaving a critical gap when it comes to assessing the impacts of household consumption and of related environmental policies in developing countries . Also, change in inventories, y, is positive for commodities produced but not sold, and negative for commodities consumed from a previous years production. & Balassiano, K. EPA Data Commons v0.1. The consumption vector is defined in Eq. Resour. 2014 National Emissions Inventory Technical Support Document. Results for these commodities should not be used for analytical purposes. liter) emission factor for fuel source (for example, kg CO2 e/liter)) + ((quantity of refrigerant leakage (kg) emission factor for refrigerant (kg CO2 e/kg)) + process emissions) B.Y. Article To assist in quantifying these emissions, we have developed a comprehensive set of supply chain emission factors covering all categories of goods and services in the US economy. Where multiple 6-digit NAICS are present, the following assumptions are used: 56211: Most of the flows are to the Hazardous waste collection sector (more detail on this below). The calculation of total impact, H, measured with indicator, i, associated with a purchase of commodity, c, in year y USD, with the cost of the commodity $c given in purchaser price would be calculated with Eq. For v2.0, value added direct and indirect impact coefficients from N are ~1 for all sectors. US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output (USEEIO) is a family of models designed to bridge the gap between traditional economic calculations, sustainability, and environmental decision-making. Environmentally-extended input output (EEIO) models estimate energy use and/or GHG emissions resulting from the production and upstream value chain activities of different sectors and products within an economy. Timber and raw forest products impact intensity increased due to a decrease in land area assigned to timberland and negative economic growth between 2007 and 2012. These values are included in the WasteDisaggregation_Make sheet in the primary data record, in the Industry disaggregation rows. Environmentally Extended Input-Output Data.EEIO data refers to EEIO emission factors that can be used to estimate scope 1, 2, and upstream Scope 3 GHG Emissions for a given industry or product category.. EEIO data is particularly useful in screening emissions sources when prioritizing data collection efforts. Increase in nonpoint emissions for manufacturing sectors. Bi is the satellite matrix in industry form from Eq. 6, 3392, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03392 (2021). Ingwersen, W., Garvey, T. & Bergmann, M. USEEIOv1.1 - Elementary Flows and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Characterization Factors. Report No. 1. Waste management and remediation services fell out of the top 20 due to the disaggregation of the waste sectors in v2.0. in order to minimize inter-plant variability. - Environmentally-extended input-output (EEIO) database can be used estimating carbon emissions based on the amount of money spent. The sets of commodities in the top 20 from v2.0 and v1.2 in the production and consumption-based rankings are nearly identical, with some notable substitutions and some exchanging of places. 1b, rankings reveal some minor shifting of positions. Matrix algebra is used to represent the steps of creating the USEEIO model, using conventions for variable names commonly used in a mix of standard references for IO analysis16 and LCA17, and the existing USEEIO model documentation. P is a commodity x year currency year adjustment matrix. The increase in HRSP for Cattle in v2.0 is due to the improved modeling of dust from livestock31. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis https://www.bea.gov/products/industry-economic-accounts/underlying-estimates (2020). To ensure that these changes do not violate the balance required to build the model, both the commodity and industry totals of the Make and Use tables were compared after the disaggregation process to the original datasets in a commodity-to-commodity and industry-to-industry comparison. Flow loss may result from invalid NAICS codes. Contact. The direct perspective calculation associates the totals with the sectors that produce the given flows (e.g. Planting, M. & Guo, J. The environmental data inputs for an EEIO model are national totals of flows (physical movements of specific resources, emissions or employment) by industries. The model indicators quantitatively relate the environmental and economic flow data to an aggregate impact through the use of characterization factors. sectors in an EEIO model) that drive a particular indicator value is a conventional analytical practice in life cycle assessment18. The diagonal-only production assumption is a good first approximation that allows the production impacts from a specific type of waste management service to be assigned to a single sector. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Information System (RCRAInfo) database contains information on the flows of hazardous waste22, and is mainly used in the disaggregation of the Use table intersection. The element-wise product of B and adjusts B for the flow year differences and effectively converts B into a harmonized 2012 year form. Depending on the table resolution, these categories are further divided into one or more subcategories. LCIA formatter. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1369615 (2017). All the economic input data (Table1) are retrieved using scripts in useeior and saved in the package along with selected indicators not from LCIA formatter (jobs, value added, and waste indicators, Table3), commodity names, data inputs to the Sector Crosswalk, and model metadata files. Public land statistics 2012. Allocation for this sector is described in the Make table intersection disaggregation section. The GHG Protocol's Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard (Scope 3 Standard) presents details on all scope 3 categories and requirements and guidance on reporting scope 3 emissions. North American Industry Classification System. EPA Center for Corporate Climate Leadership, Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard, The Global GHG Accounting and Reporting Standard for the Financial Industry, Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials, Conversion factors 2022: full set (for advanced users), Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidance: Indirect Emissions from Events and Conferences, ENERGY STAR Scope 3 Use of Sold Products Analysis Tool V1.2, Renewable Electricity Procurement on Behalf of Others: A Corporate Reporting Guide, Center for Corporate Climate Leadership Home, GHG Inventory Development Process & Guidance, Corporate GHG Inventorying and Target Setting Self-Assessment, Reporting Corporate Climate Risks and Opportunities, 4 (upstream transportation and distribution), 9 (downstream transportation and distribution), 12 (end-of-life treatment of sold products), The UK Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs provides well-to-tank (i.e., upstream) emission factors for fuel in the ". In the original analysis, BLM hard rock leases and EIA MECS relied on BEA employee compensation for granular allocation. Service Annual Survey Historical Data (NAICS-basis): 2015. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2015/econ/services/sas-naics.html (U.S. Census Bureau, 2016). In Fig. In order to split impacts between US and Rest of World (RoW), the requirements from production need to be split between domestic inputs and foreign inputs. The Make table rows represent which waste management industries (rows) produce commodities (columns) other that waste management. For the disaggregated waste management sectors, the Make table intersection represents the amount of the Waste management and remediation services commodities (rows) produced by each of the waste management industries (columns). Birney, C., Conner, M. & Ingwersen, W. National water withdrawal totals by industry 2015 v1.1. This EPA report describes supply chain GHG emission factors prepared with versions of the USEEIO, which are life cycle models of all categories of goods and services and industries in the US economy. USEEIO v2.0, or referred to solely as v2.0, is the latest edition of the US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output (USEEIO) model for assessing a full suite of potential life cycle impacts of US. M.L. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Major Uses of Land in the United States, 2007. https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=44630 (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2011). For example, Table 8 of the GHG Emission Factors Hub lists factors aligned with the distance-based method. Reduction in emissions for ozone depletion potential for manufacturing sectors. Water data for the nation 2015. https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis (U.S. Geological Survey, 2018). 16, 157167, https://doi.org/10.1080/0953531042000219286 (2004). In v2.0, the industrial water withdrawal sectors were expanded to include sectors within NAICS 11, 23, 48, 51, 54, 56, and 81, as defined in the USGS to NAICS crosswalk in flowsav1.0.1 and as recommended by the USGS. Water flows are equally allocated to all related 6-digit NAICS. It is assumed that local governments do not perform hazardous waste disposal, site remediation, or other waste disposal functions to a significant degree. This disproportionate share of the original value of the waste remediation industry, combined with the industry allocations already used for the Use table columns, can result in an imbalance in the allocation totals for the disaggregated waste industries in the Use and Make tables. This is a necessary first order approximation since we found no publicly available data to confirm this for the disaggregated waste sectors. Emission Factor Database Last modified 23 Nov 2020 1 min read This viewer presents selected emission factors and abatement efficiencies included in the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1365565 (2017). To obtain There are five industries that produce the 562000 commodity. These same year margins data are used for all years, however they are price-adjusted first to calculate a total year specific margin using Eq. A similar approach is used to calculate the direct+indirect impacts x sector with the direct perspective as Hr but it uses includes the D direct impact matrix to characterize those flows as shown in Eq. 56299: All 6-digit NAICS codes under the 5 digit 56299 code are assigned to 562OTH in the USEEIO classification. These novel elements as well as model fundamentals are described in this paper. WRI's Sustainability Initiative was created to align the Institute's operations with its mission. Provider. This section describes data sources, algorithms for model construction, novel methodologies and software procedures used in the construction of USEEIO v2.0. The R package useeior v1.0.061 was used for USEEIO v2.0 model creation. Livestock water withdrawals are allocated proportionally using water use by animal type, calculated from the USDA animal inventory and national median water intake rates by animal type48,50.

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