los herreras durango cartel
The result of this episode was a total re-assessment in Washington D.C. A decades old unwritten rule in Mexico prohibits the indictments of present and former Presidents and cabinet members. Established in about 1945, the cartel is now an international organized crime syndicate, operating throughout North and South America. The PRI, and thus the government, has simply been corrupted, and there is little interest or incentive within the PRI to come clean. Abstract Background Introduction to the Drug Cartels and The Drug Wars The Mexican Drug Cartels Today The Rise of the Mexican Drug Cartels The Mexican Political Scene: An Historical Perspective The Mexican Political Scene: A Contemporary Perspective Institutionalized Corruption Certification Impact of the Drug Trade on the Mexican and American Economies The New Markets Stopping Them Conclusion: The Future The Unanswered Questions Post Script Endnotes References Index. This is generally done before November 1. CERTIFICATION One of the external political problems facing the Mexican government is that the United States conducts an annual evaluation of some 30 of its trading partners' drug fighting efforts. Open hostilities abated by 1920, but the new decade saw extreme political turmoil, intrigue, and occasional assassination. 41-47. 1128 whatever works. Federal police agents present Jaime Herrera, alias "El Viejito," The recent emergence of several right wing vigilante organizations, upset with the government's inability to maintain order, has made the situation more difficult, especially in light of the fact that these right wing entities have moved into the drug trade to finance their operations and ironically seem to be profiting more from the drug trade than the left-wing groups. Meanwhile, the Mexican cartels, after a period of upheaval subsequent to Fuentes' death, seem to have stabilized. He is the one who buys and distributes everything" (Farah and Moore, 1997). The Drug Enforcement Administration has hired 1,500 more persons to guard the border, and a number of large X-ray machines that can examine entire trucks will soon be installed (Larmer, 1997). Unless law enforcement efforts are supported by the moral and ethical conscience of the citizenry, such efforts will be ineffective in producing the desired results. The prospect of regular border delays present significant problems, and thus has significant political implications. As far back as 1957, the Herrera organization ran a farm-to-the-arm heroin operation that cultivated opium poppy plants, processed and packaged heroin in Mexico, and transported it to Chicago. Despite American law enforcement undertakings through the mid-1990s, the Mexican cartels managed to consolidate their power bases, gained some control over the media, co-opted government officials at every level on a wholesale basis, and even killed a number of local and national government leaders. The Arrest At around 7:00 am on Friday, January 20, 2023, Crescencio Sandoval, the head of the Army announced that an operation to capture an important Sinaloa Cartel - Los Cabreras figure was currently being carried out in Durango. Gallardo has long been known for advocating cooperation between the cartels. By Zarembo, Alan, "People Smugglers Inc.," Newsweek, September 13, 1999, p. 36. The Colombians agreed to all of this as long as Mexican cartels would leave the Colombian markets in Miami, and the bulk of the east coast to the Colombians. The cartels bring billions of American dollars into Mexico. In August of 1999, Mario Ruiz Massieu, former Deputy Attorney General and Mexico's top drug prosecutor was charged with laundering nearly $10 million drug-related dollars - he was indicated on a total of 25 counts. Reuters, "U.S. establishes links between former Mexican President Salinas and drug traffickers," 2/16/97, internet. It could be argued however, that these were basically token seats, for the PRI maintained its iron hold on the nation's political scene. In addition to the murder charge, Raul Salinas is strongly suspected of being involved in various drug activities and masterminding several other political killings. on prior indictments in Miami, Florida. AFP, "Retired Mexican general charged with organizing drug cartels," 1/23/98, internet. They quietly notified the Bolivian authorities of the shipments, leading to the seizure of 4.1 tons of cocaine by Bolivian authorities on September 26, 1995. Find out more interesting facts about all the towns in the Municipality of Santiago Papasquiaro (statistics, photos, maps, restaurants) at this link. American aid continues to flow into the government coffers, external investment is up, and the drug revenues are as high as ever. There is a third component that also must be in place. Mexico also has another political institution in place that has historically protected PRI leadership and concomitantly provided a healthy climate for syndicates to grow and flourish. In the past few years, the Mexican military has become more and more aggressive in the border regions, shaking down ethnic Mexicans with impunity, regardless of citizenship and regardless of which side of the border they were on. Only time will tell if this was mere political posturing or an agreement of real substance. In l999, 23 countries were certified (Aruba, Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil, Cambodia, China, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Hong Kong, India, Jamaica, Laos, Malaysia, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Taiwan, Thailand, Venezuela, and Vietnam), two were granted national interest waivers (Belize and Pakistan), and five were not certified (Afghanistan, Burma, Colombia, Iran and Nigeria). AFP, "Mexican economic growth exceeds forecast: finance minister," 2/11/99, internet. The world community is certainly supportive. Both were "conveniently" assassinated; one in March and the other in September, and Zedillo was subsequently "elected" President. Peniche was quoted as saying, "Donations of this kind were normal in MexicoIt was part of the system between businessman and politicians. The Mexican military, however, has the military force to move throughout the country with impunity thus rendering moot the need to mask the odor. Raul has spoken to investigators and have led them to over $300 million in various European bank accounts, at least $120 million of which has been traced to the Gulf Cartel (AFP, 12/11/97; Reuters, 3/13/98); Wall Street Journal, 3/13/98). Specifically, no undercover operations or intelligence gathering activities can be engaged in by American officials on Mexican soil unless they are first cleared by the Mexican government. In March of 1998, Adrian Carrera, the former head of the Federal Judicial Police, was arrested when it was revealed that he had ties with several of the Mexican drug lords. The cultural traditions and political infrastructure are simply not in place. How to get to Los Herrera? Any serious effort to root out the cartels likely needs to await the emergence of a greatly improved Mexican economy; they are just too deeply entrenched within the fabric of the Mexican socio-economic culture. McMahon, Colin, "U.S. pressure in drug war angers Mexico," Chicago Tribune, 2/5/96, p. 1. He made the announcement during one of the daily presidential press conferences. AFP, "Mexican president-elect defies IMF," 9/25/00, internet. It will be most difficult to wean the Self Defense Force from this new-found wealth, and they paradoxically loom on the horizon as a threat to the sovereign government of Colombia from the political right. 4. In its place, he proposes the development of a multilateral evaluation system. components are mostly legal. "These are just isolated cases of smugglers reacting to increased patrols," said Carlos Luna Herrera, regional coordinator of Grupo Beta (AP, 7/28/99). They have a brand name on their product - "Rolex," suggesting a high grade of cocaine. El G1 had successfully managed the plazas of San Dimas, Pueblo Nuevo and Otaez in Durango for the brothers for the last couple of years, so in mid-2012 they decided to send him to Comarca Lagunera, a region marked in map below. Trejo was in charge of many drug trafficking investigations under the Salinas administration. It is alleged that his eldest son, Carlos Hank Rhon, launders drug money and had been closely associated with Amado Carillo Fuentes - the late head of the Juarez Cartel (AFP, 6/2/99). They stayed with the lower figure in light of stiff complaints from the increasingly visible political opposition that the bailout was an attempt on the part of the government to protect rich bankers at the expense of Mexico's primarily poor taxpayers. Carrillo Fuentes was on top of the world. There are 653 inhabitants. With perhaps as much as a $600 million a year income, these two narco-terrorist groups, some 20,000 strong, pose a legitimate external threat to the sovereignty of Colombia. All told, it is now estimated that there are more than 5 million illegal vehicles in Mexico, the bulk of which were stolen in the United States. His deal making shifted more and more of the cocaine trade routes from the Caribbean to Mexico. Unlike the cocaine business, where traffickers from Mexico are just one link in a chain, meth is one rung they can control from beginning to end. From Jerez, most immigrants gravitate toward Los Angeles, Chicago and San Antonio. 'You can't knock on a door in this city (Jerez) without finding one of us who has a cousin, an uncle, a friend, a brother we all have someone there. drugs, weapons and other items will be made available to the Federal Public .The arrest of the alleged drug The Immigration and Naturalization Service, which began tracking illegal immigrants' gender in 1992, has reported that the number of females apprehended on the Southwest border has increased every year since 1994 to a high of 173,870 for the 1998 fiscal reporting year (Christian Science Monitor, 4/22/99). This dude from that family. Of the seven, all were former Mexican law enforcement agents. At least two American agents, while assigned to Operation Casablanca, undertook investigative actions while on Mexican soil without the Mexican government's approval. Meanwhile, in June 2020, El 01 was successfully, In February 2022, the highly-regarded news publication. Mayor Enrquez Herrera had apparently forgotten that Alma Reyes Guerra, the mayor of San Dimas, had just recently watched her father be kidnapped and killed by cartel hitmen in the middle of his mayoral campaign. Fuentes intended to cut Colombia completely out of the picture. The climate is an arid dry steppe, with very high temperatures in the summer and very little rainfall. No claims of illegal contributions made during the 2000 presidential campaign have been forthcoming as of yet. He was so offensive that those with whom he was making deals wanted to kill him. The soldiers arrived at the residential neighborhood of Cortijo, inside three helicopters and a convoy of vehicles. The Mexican economy needs American aid and business dollars more than it needs cartel money, though having both would be the best of both worlds. Delve into Los Herrera. They must have some serious underground tunnels / infrastructure below that Attorney General's office in Mexico City. A "femininization" of the migration trend has been taking place (Christian Science Monitor, 4/22/99). He also knew that a war would give the scattered remnants of the Cali empire something to rally around, which could possibly re-unite the Cali Cartel fragments and return the Colombians to the powerful drug trafficking dynasty they once were. Political move. Everyone had to do it" (AFP, 5/30/99). As mentioned previously, in a positive context, the Mexican banking regulatory agencies have since been reorganized and other banking industry rules have been instituted in hopes of avoiding such a crisis in the future (AFP, 9/21/99). Even if legitimate efforts were to begin, it would take generations to completely eradicate Mexican military involvement in the drug trade. Political corruption must be eliminated. 3. At a press conference to present the person, the The plane was being serviced and fueled by Mexican military personnel. To be successful, he will need to take control of the economy away from the traditional Mexican power brokers, and that will not be easy. AFP, "Mexico's former drug czar sentenced to 13 years in prison," 3/3/98, internet. Setting up an undercover laundering operation in Los Angeles in 1995, U.S. agents handled more than $100 million and arrested 168 people, including representatives from three Mexican banks. In Mexico, the same ZIP code can be assigned to several towns. AFP, "190 Mexican died while trying to cross into US this year," 9/9/99, internet. This information included the identities of undercover agents and every bit of information about the United States-Mexican intelligence unit used to track major cartel persons. Tied in to this is his call for increased privatization of state-owned industries, and a desire to join Mercusor, the Argentine and Brazilian dominated free-trade bloc. As United States Customs officials watched, Mexican army personnel proceeded to kill all seven Mexican police officers as they attempt to seize the drugs. Armando corral (head of Herrera clan and brother of poncho. Meneghini), ----------------------------------------------------. Smuggling through the Mexican cartels continued to grow throughout the early 1990s. 7-8. The collapse happened almost overnight. Minor changes in substance, but major in that they were the first real chip in the PRI shield and its party-state model. Less than two years later, President Madero was removed from office and executed, and the nation plunged into a dark decade of violence. Operating in a country with weak democratic traditions and a fragile economy that is highly dependent upon the drug trade and external funding, they pose a present and continuing threat, and will surely not disappear any time soon. A third Amezcua brother, Luis, still faces drug-trafficking charges in the U.S. On May 21, 1999 the extradition of Oscar Malherve to the U.S. was also denied. Are the Mexican people, with a paternalistic-aristocratic political tradition that pre-dates the Spanish, truly ready to handle the increased responsibility of a viable two party/multi-party political system? They are all snitches when it comes down to it .. Word is G1 was a pastor for a christian church by soriana in Dgo and he would force his men to go to church. 6. International extradition treaties need to be developed among countries that lack such agreements. In September of 1994, 16 officers of the National Institute for Combating Drugs were arrested for accepting bribes for overlooking cocaine shipments. Mexican politics was dominated for some 35 years by Jose de la Cruz Porfirio Diaz who served as President from 1876 until 1911 (with a four year hiatus from 1880 to 1884). Seeing an opportunity to carve out a literal monopoly, the Mexican military got into the marijuana transport business as the American demand for marijuana increased in the 1970s. This arrangement did not last long, and a number of meetings were held between Mexican and Colombian cartel leaders in the early 1980s, shortly after the connection was made. AFP, "Top Mexican, US officials to meet amid new drug claims," 6/2/99, internet. With this new business arrangement, the power and wealth of the Mexican drug cartels exploded. Sinaloa control west of the Sierra to tepehuanes. Good job AMLO. More interesting data at the bottom of this page. He made the announcement during one of the daily presidential press conferences. The sentence was slashed from 50 to 27 1/2 years by Judge Hernandez in July of 1999 due to mitigating circumstances. No doubt that CDS and CJNG are the most powerful syndicates in the world. While marijuana is still the most popular drug in Mexico, cocaine is no longer far behind, and is now reaching new populations, such as the children and the poor. They supply America with so-called "Mexican mud" (brown heroin), and have done so since at least the mid-1940s. Gallardo has long been known for advocating cooperation between the cartels. CONCLUSIONS: THE FUTURE The Mexican cartels have historically been very adaptable, professional and efficient operations. said the federal official. The Mexicans began by-passing the Colombians and going directly to Bolivian and Peruvian suppliers during the summer of 1997. The Sinaloa Cartel broke off and began cooperating with the Cali cartel to transship huge quantities of cocaine during the 1980s and early 1990s. alias' JT 'and Alfredo Beltran Leyva alias' 'Mochomo'. The shrinking cocaine market in America has forced the cartels to aggressively (and successfully) exploit other underworld markets, as will be discussed. These murders brought the total number of senior police officials executed in Northern Mexico in 1996 to seven. Constantine, Thomas A., Testimony before the United States Congress, 2/27/97, internet. the 1980s investigations against the Herreras continued. AFP, "Some Mexican drivers choose 'chocolate' cars," 10/22/00, internet. With smuggling networks in place, the 1970s saw the cartels branch out on their own and begin to smuggle the high demand drug, marijuana, into the United States. In addition, in July of 2000, President Fox negotiated an agreement with the European Union to in essence tear down all trade barriers between these two trading partners by the year 2010 (Associated Press, 11/06/00). 1999. 1. 15. This group may have joined forces with the Federation to expand networks and marketing capabilities. White, Jonathan R., Terrorism. The United States and Mexico have entered into a number of so-called side agreements with respect to NAFTA. CENTAC 6. THE RISE OF THE MEXICAN DRUG CARTELS The Mexican cartels originated in response to a demand for smuggling both people and contraband into the United States in the 1920s and 1930s. El G1 is infamous for allegedly owning the Senator of Durango, Jos Ramn Enrquez Herrera, whose political campaign he helped finance. been hidden in the candy bars. What remains to be seen is if Fox is full of typical political rhetoric or atypical substance. THE MEXICAN POLITICAL SCENE: A CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE Steps have been taken to move the Mexican political system toward legitimate multi-party status. Move into the money laundering trade.(5). This group was extremely difficult to penetrate because family members controlled the entire heroin process from top to bottom.". officials say they've arrested a man who manufactured methamphetamine for the Police and military officials are paid an extraordinarily low wage roughly 3,000 pesos ($300) a month (AFP, 8/4/99). Frontline, "Colombian Drug War," 4/20/00. Christian Science Monitor, "Holes open in US drug-fighting net," 7/28/99, internet. Texcoco,this guy isnt related to the Herreras from Durango,hes from a town close to Culiacan.He started in the business in the late late 80s early 90s in San Diego.Thats where he learned to process meth,In Americas one time meth capitol of the world.He's NOT from Durango or Michoacan. The Mexican cartels have emerged as formidable enemies and have the potential of seriously challenging the very sovereignty of the Mexican state. Brutality and calloused disregard for life became the norm for rebel and soldier alike. The United States had never formally accepted the fact that American consumption of drugs was the main problem until March of 1998. They have benefitted from relatively solid internal leadership, an ability to cooperate, a socio-economic political environment that needs cartel money, endemic poverty among the populous, institutionalized corruption among government, military, and police officials at virtually every level, a single party political system, a differentiation in economies that drives hundreds of thousands of its citizens to illegally cross the border of its northern neighbor, and a huge demand for drugs from that same wildly wealthy northern neighbor. He further indicated that prevention will become America's number one priority and that expenditures on prevention programs would increase by 21 percent in l999 (Reuters, 3/19/98). The party was created in an attempt on the part of officials at that time to bring a sense of stability to a beleaguered nation, and to seek a more conservative socio-economic evolution (ie. During President Fox has also called for the European Union to develop closer ties with Mercusor (Associated Press, 10/2/00). UPI, "Clinton, Zedillo toast US-Mexico ties," 2/15/99, internet. Reuters, "Alleged drug kingpin held in killing of Cardinal," 12/6/93, internet. The U.S. National Drug Control Policy Director Barry McCaffrey visited Colombia during the summer of 2000, and committed to additional $500 million per year aid package, bringing the total U.S. government support of "Plan Colombia" to $1.3 billion. The major economic problem is a bank bailout issue, the scope of which dwarfs the country's financial capabilities. Unlike our battle with the Colombian cartels earlier this decade, we can expect little real help from the Mexican government, where corruption is so institutionalized, where distrust is so pervasive, and where the economy is so dependent upon drug profits (equivalent to Mexican oil revenues) and "wet-back" dollars.
